News Management of Influenza Outbreak

News Management of Influenza extravasation1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY2.0 NEWS MANAGEMENTThe media is facing increasing cart and demands from the human race for timely and varied intelligence stories in diverse angles. Media agencies be correspondking above alto collarher to be the one-stop conduit of selective information for their audiences and the understanding of these air pickleureures and angles nates help organizations to not only cope with media attention barely to as healthful turn it to its advantage.News anxiety according to Underwood (2010) is the process by which organizations attempt to take see of the flow of countersign to the media and setting the schedule for the media. The media leave alone always want to set the agenda- which is what they consider as intelligence operationworthy. Organizations, ranging from businesses to policy-making institutions any(prenominal) leverage this tactic to either establish a haughty temperament or demoralize creati on interrogation in its activities. This is make by heart of issuing of press unblocks, holding press conferences and staging terminations which is in like manner very(prenominal) powerful as a strategy to bewitch the media in its coverage.News agencies ar considered to act as gatekeepers by seeking events and delimitate stories. The defining of stories that are newfoundsworthy or not is fathere through a set of criteria c anyed news values (Underwood, 2010). News value, as a criterion helps determine what makes a story and alike, can make into the news. The pick of news events is determined by the creation of reality through choices of journalists tie in to their professional standards and what a journalist or editor considers an event is what they see to be an event and can make the news. For example, the opening of a multinational bank lead make a potential news dot than the same bank hiring new executives. Organisations can play the media at their bear game th rough news values. For example, a political government choosing to enunciate details of an embarrassing report on the same day a latest report of an arrest of a corrupt official or an pandemic volcanic eruption is announced. The arrest and pestilent issue may barrack the medias angle and consequently rendering the report overlooked.News do itment deep down the scene of political organisations is seen as a practical root word for governments and political actors to use the media in furthering their political goals. According to Pfetsch (1999), a point selection and shaping of news is dependent on the institution, political and media context of a country. With political organizations objective of controlling information on the public agenda, through shaping media coverage makes news way an important factor. policy-making actors use news management as a way to manage contingencies, considering instances when the media is fed with information and the organisation still has n o power to control the primary(prenominal) news coverage.Framing and Spin-control are some of the strategies political organisations hire to control information. Framing as a structure of meaning and definition is seen to be connected to message contents, the media and the situation at hand (Klandermans, 1988). Spin-controlling is overly a technique that is employed by political organisations in news management to fix results from happenings and to manage expectations of events about to happen (Bruce, 1992). This technique is use by organisations to stress more on features that is attractive to the tar reduce media and likewise avoid the features that are considered undesirable. For example, during election night news coverage, defeats in elections are interpreted as victories in front of television cameras.A natural example of a spin was the news during the September 11th dry land Trade Center came f aloneing and Jo Moore sent Stephen Byers (Secretary of State for Transport, Local disposal and Regions) her boss a memo proposing its now a very good day to get out anything we want to bury. Councillors expenses? Unfortunately, the memo got leaked and she was reprimanded by her boss and there was a media onslaught and outrage. But on her part, it was a cynical spin which suggests she was able to divert attention on the honorable event that has happened (Sparrow, 2001).Every organisation is potential for media scrutiny and needs to be prepared any time. Organisations always strive for brand recognition and reputation building through activities using public dealing and advertising strategies however, the medias coverage during any event can be unsatisfactory. Therefore, when a crisis event hit an organisation, it isnt difficult to see the media coming to knock on the door gait to seek stories that are newsworthy.Organisations ultimate goal in news management should be to influence by each(prenominal) means possible what kind of news should appear in t he media in any situation. Kotoka International Airport (KIA) has hit by a strain of influenza computer virus, has its image to protect in this crisis and as an organisation, it can only influence media coverage through setting the agenda for the media through an effective news management strategy.2.0 INTRODUCTIONAn epidemic outbreak believed to be an influenza virus has come to the notice of the management at the Kotoka International Airport (KIA) in gold coast. Several cases have been account within the last 3 hours and seven-spot people including three children are now hospitalized and one passenger reported dead from the influenza virus but in another country.The KIA is an aerodrome that has facilities and offers services in line with international standards. KIA has seen more than 2.6 million passengers in 2013. The recent reported a case on the passenger who died of the epidemic was reported to have been on a trip to Thailand.The international airport has structured standar d procedures to handle and protect the lives of passengers through its Emergency health check Services (EMS) but the media in Ghana is criticising KIA on its poor cleansing routines and hygienic practices in controlling the epidemic so far.As the media relations officer of KIA, this strategic plan is devised to manage the news and also counteract any media onslaught concerning the influenza epidemic.2.1 AimThe aim of this plan is to get the public informed about the influenza outbreak, can safety movements at the airport and to also assure the public with the trust and confidence of pose the crisis under control. The plan also seeks to counteract any form of media scrutiny and protect the reputation of the KIA.2.3 ObjectivesThe side by side(p) are the objectives of the strategic media planTo effect confidence to travellers at the KIA and how management is working effectively to keep the outbreak under control within 72 hours.To inform and communicate facts on the outbreak and minimize rumours originally the end of the second day.To promote a positive understanding of the epidemic response, mitigation and control programs in calculate by the end of 48 hours time.To maintain confidence and order in the safety and operations at KIA by the end of the week.3.0 THE CRISIS COMMUNICATION aggroup (CCT)In the development and execution of a strategic plan, the first step is the creation of a team who forget plan the response and provide the media with all details pertaining to the influenza outbreak at KIA. All the employees get out be informed with measures on the influenza epidemic but classical not to respond to any media enquiries. The CCT exit include the followingi. manager of AirportsThe Director of Airports is Dr Gani and has been serving in that office for 15 years with bulky experience and grappleledge on the business at the KIA. He will be in authority to direct, control and coordinate the overall management of the epidemic crisis. He will wo rk closely with his deputy in to oversee all measures put in place to control the epidemic and also manage all the section/team heads.ii. Health and sentry duty DirectorMrs Ganira as the director will be playing a very important role. She will be responsible for coordinating all health and safety functions during this emergency at KIA. She will coordinate with all departments and provide messages and information regarding safety conditions to help minimize the outbreak. She will also coordinate with health services for emergency responses and quarantining of touch passengers.iii. Public entropy Officer (PIO)Miss Claudia will be responsible for managing all media enquiries and assists in the preparation and dissemination of information and brief the media before a press conference. Supervise and monitor all information for accuracy and consistency before being discharged into the public domain via the media. She will prepare the vocalization for any press conference or interviews and also train him on regular basis. She will be in-charge of the Media development Centre (MIC).Chief of operationsMr Saah will lead the operations section in the development and implementation of the health standard measures. He will ensure the planning and logistics functions foul at KIA. He will support the MIC with operational information. He will name the deployment and runs of each team and also someone to keep a log on all activities throughout.3.1 DESIGNATED SPOKESPERSONIn considering someone as the spokesperson for the team, factors considered include someone who is a real communicator, has a safe public figure and the media are familiar with and can convey straight and important messages to the media and public. With such qualities, no other person can lodge in that other than Mr Godwin, who is the Deputy Director of Airports. With his vast experience in his erstwhile(prenominal) work history as the director of operations for the Ministry of Health, he suits the invest to be the spokesperson for the crisis team.3.2 TIPS FOR THE SPOKESPERSONEvery spokesperson is expected to fill out or possess some characteristics to be able to engage and enforce the media to the organisations advantage. The following tips are considered and followed to gain some form of representation from the media.He must know the policies of KIA and be informed thoroughly on any current information before engaged by the media.Show empathy with those affected but not using words like we regret which ability make it look like a lawsuit.During interviews or Press conferences When reporters or journalists put up ragy questions to him, he must answer them but will bridge them to the key messages he wants to convey.Must avoid No comment phrase. He will need to avoid replying questions with that phrase he do not want to answer. Appropriate answers can be, I dont have that information with me now. May I research it and get back to you?And avoid using jargons or acronyms wh en speaking with news reporters and stick to the facts.4.0 KEY MESSAGESThe key messages play a very important brass during crisis communication. They need to be few in number, short and concise to the public through the media. Other factors considered for key messages include giving positive action steps, not speculating, use of pronouns and cut-to-the-chase. The message map below shows the key messages to be used.Table 1 Message map for the influenza pandemic crisis5.0 strategical MEDIA CHANNELSMedia agencies are every time seeking above all to be their audiences avenue for information and make it important for the organization to concern its needs. It is imperative for organizations to establish positive relationships with the news media to help build confederacy during any situation.KIA has built a positive relationship with key news media agencies in the capital. Therefore during this crisis, KIAs goal is to be accurate, timely and reliable with its news coverage. There are a wide range of useable media dividing lines KIA can employ to disseminate and engage the media to go on its audience. However, the advantage will depend on the unique and best conduit for widest possible audience. The following will be considered by KIA.5.1 Press ConferenceThe first action to be taken when KIA has news on the influenza strain within 1 hour to 2 hours is to extend an invitation to media representatives (See Appendix A for Ghanas media) to attend a press conference. This will help date KIA with an authoritative image and with a credible message during the crisis. To do this, the press statements will be brief, true, and accurate. As first official information, the key messages will include elements like expression of concern for passengers welfare, corroborate facts and action steps, the process, commitment statement and where to go for more information and the spokesperson will stay on the key messages throughout.5.2 WebsiteThe next within the 2 hour period of the crisis it to create a crisis summon on KIAs official website and updates will be continuing on any new development on the epidemic at the airport.5.3 Press release indoors 3 to 5 hours period, possible topics would have been identified and press release sent to both the traditional and social media. They will include facts on the epidemic at KIA, and will stay on the key messages 1, 2 and 3. A media kit will be included with detail facts sheets on the crisis at KIA.5.4 Social MediaConsidered as the fastest and uncontrolled channels for information travel, KIA will engage the public through key social networking sites Facebook and Twitter. YouTube channel will also be used for broadcasting the information on the epidemic.All key messages will be tweeted practically as well as images posted. This will help inform and give details on the epidemic at KIA and users can also engage with the team to know how the crisis is being controlled. Continues updating will be done.Facebook em ailprotectedTwitter emailprotected and all posts will start with a hash tag ().Example kiainfluenza5.5 wirelessSince intercommunicatecommunication listening is one of the most listened media outlets, KIA will leverage this tool to reach the wider public through news shows and live talk shows within 42 hours of the crisis. Talk radio will provide KIA an opportunity to speak forthwith on important health messages and share the actions KIA is taking to protect passengers and the fan out of the influenza epidemic in the region. (see Appendix B for list of radio stations KIA will be hosted on)6.0 MONITORING INFORMATION FLOWIt is unfavourable to monitor the news on both the traditional media and social media to identify and rectify rumours or misleading reportage. KIA will establish a Media Information Centre (MIC) to function as a central point for all epidemic-related communications and queries from the media. The MIC will serve as the media-monitoring office to monitor all news a nd make immediate responses.AppendicesAppendix AGhanas MediaGhanas media enjoys a high degree of media sinlessdom and thus can pose a threat to organizations during a crisis event. They are free to criticise authorities without fear with a lively press and an often phone-in programs on many radio stations. Radio is the most popular strong point with over 200 stations and many of them based in the main cities. The State-run media is the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC). The key media will be listed for the intent of the planSource BBC (2013)Appendix BSchedule for Talk Radio showsReferencesBRUCE, B., 1992. Images of Power. London Kogan Page.Ghana profile, 2013. News Africa online Available on http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13433793 Accessed on 6 January 2015KLANDERMANS, B., 1988. The Formation and Mobilization of Consensus. In Nandermans, B., Kriesi Hans Peter, Tarrow Sidney (ed.), International Social course Research (Vol. 1, pp. 173-198).PFETSCH, B., 1999. Government news management Strategic communication in comparative perspective. online Available on https//www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/49821/1/30895761X.pdf Accessed on 6 January 2015SPARROW, A. 2001. Sept. 11 A good day to bury bad news. online Available on http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1358985/Sept-11-a-good-day-to-bury-bad-news.html Accessed on 6 January 2015UNDERWOOD, M. 2010. News Management. online Available on http//www.cultsock.org/index.php?page=media/setorder.html Accessed on 6 January 2015

Maxis Business Level Strategy

Maxis Business Level St postgyBusiness model is plan or diagram for how it competes, uses its resources, structures its relationship, interfaces with the clients, and creates value to sustain itself on the basis of the profits its generates. It had involve all the activities that define how a firm competes in the market placeplace.Core dodgingMission statementMaxis missions argon to be simple, trustworthy and creative. Maxis want everything they do is simple for everyone it must be straightforward and light-colored to beneathstand by their clients. Maxis believe that trust between customers and it is the key to successful relationship. All profound relationships argon built on trust which inspires confidence, and, assurance, conviction and reliance. Creativity is of import and defines them this is how Maxis differentiate from their competition. (Maxis is about life enablement, www.maxis.com.my, ND)Product/Market S completeMaxiss market scopes are tele discourse and profiting sectors. They are the mobile communications table service go forthr and recently they are as well providing wireless wideband run. Their work include prepaid call plans, monthly subscription plans, international roaming, MMS, WAP, Resident Fixed promissory note function and the recent one Broadband internet plans. Maxis also are offering VSAT services and Blackberry based mobile services for their business customers.(Maxis website, 2010)Basis differentiationThe basis differentiation of Maxis are based on the calling plans and pricing structure to appeal to different customer segments. The value-added services in Hotlink Prepaid had make Maxis differentiate from other competitors such as ring-tones, background ring tones, Voice SMS, fb2me, tweet2me, voice portal and etc. (Hotlink easy menu, 2010)Strategic resourcesCore CompetenciesWhat serve as core competencies for Maxis are customer service and their strong brand name. Maxis always emphasize on what brook be done best to their customers and provide their best customer services as after the subscription of their plans. To enhance the customer satisfaction, Maxis had announced there are 70 Maxis Authorized service agents outlet are available in customer concentration are in Malaysia opens (Maxis Authorised Service Agents Outlets to compound Customer Satisfaction, www.maxis.com.my, 7th July 2001) and continue increasing in the following year. The outlets provide real time services similar to Maxis Centers such as customer registration, passment, IDD and Direct Debit application, and reinstatement of mobile line. With the availability if the shops that strategically located, Maxis clients lowlife style forward to extended service hours, weekend services and easier access.There are more over than RM 500 000 are used for dealers and staff readiness annually to ensure the best possible service to Maxis customers. This is a start up of Maxis core strategies to enhance the value in their existing relati onships with key dealers. Maxis had open a strong brand name since 1995 for their wide coverage of distinguish and reliability.Strategic AssetsThere are several strategic assets have by Maxis which let them continue to leading among the mobile service providers. Firstly, Ananda Krishnan, the founder of Maxis communications owned a satellite tv- Astro in Malaysia. It is the ASEAN leading satellite TV that always plays the important role in promoting the plans and services by Maxis. Moreover, Maxis develop the huge database of customers information and send packing be used to make tolerance in their plans, packages and their marketing strategies base on the poll SMS that sent to the standrs. In addition, one of the most valuable assets Maxis owned is their highly qualified and go through staffs, such as, the executive conductor and chief executive officer of Maxis, Sandi Dap. ahead he joined Maxis in 2007, he had been served as deputy managing director of Vodafone Essar Limit ed, one of the largest mobile operators in India since 1994. Jean Pascal is a headland operating officer, he has 20 years of experience, of which he spent 13 years with France Telecom group in France and Orange in UK. Others equivalent Rossaba Annizah, Mark Dioguardi, Matthew Willsher, Mohamed Fitri and many more (Maxis senior vigilance webpage, 2010).Partnership networkSuppliersMaxis main suppliers are consist of SIM card suppliers and broadband wireless flick drive suppliers. Other partnership network resembling strategic federation such as Nokia, Apple and Blackberry are supplying Maxis theirs products to cope with Maxiss various kind of plans and packages.Other Key RelationshipsMany companies in diverse range of industries such as telecommunications, media and broadcasting, leisure, power generation, property development and management are directly or indirectly controlled or connected with Usaha Tegas, which is owned by Ananda Krishnan. As such, many of these companies a nd other related parties also subscribe to Maxis Mobiles mobile service and Maxis Broadband s fixed line services due to the relationship with Ananda Krishnan.Customer InterfaceTarget MarketMaxis has safe(p) customer interface which enable their service reach their customer easy and successfully. Maxis target their market on the telecommunication and networkings consumers market. For the target customer equal students maxis come out with Maxis Youth decree. By using this service students can get a lot of benefits. On of them is Point Rewards under this service students take aim to collect points as much as they can which enable them to get free talk of the town time. If students top up twice in a week, they will get 100 points which equal anent RM 1.00 of free talking time. Besides that, students also can enjoy free calls to any maxis numbers on their birthdates. Apart from that, maxis also come out with service called subliners for the peculiar(prenominal) group of plurali ty who love to talk with their loved ones or couples universal for a longer time of period. The subliners need to register their name under the mainliner. By doing this the subliners can enjoy less price. For the specific group of people who like to use internet, the maxis come out with broadband services. Maxis has four types of broadband plan which are 1.5GB,3 GB,6 GB and 12 GB.Fulfillment and SupportMaxis communication companys service and product reaches it customers. For example, customers of maxis can go to maxis center to get or so help like lost the SIM cards, problem of the deduct balance of pretend and postpaid, and the unclear of the new maxis plan package. Besides this, maxis center was build on city to make customers easy to pay the fees of postpaid and internet fees. (Find a Maxis Centre or MEPs, www.maxis .com.my, ND)Pricing structureMaxis are focus on aggressive pricing strategies to compete with other service providers. Apart from that, maxis also has different p rice depending on their target market. For the students under Youth Club service they can enjoy sending SMS only for 1sen per SMS. They also can enjoy free calls to any maxis numbers from 6pm to 6am.For the target market like line users, the subliners who register their name under main liners only need to pay RM 30 per month compare to RM 80 which is the actual rate for line users. Maxis offer the cheapest broadband services which only need to pay RM48 for 1.5GB. (Wireless Broadband, www.maxis.com.my, ND)

The complex matrilineal social structure of spotted hyenas

The complicated matrilineal friendly mental synthesis of espy hyaenasAmazons of the wolf world the complex matrilineal accessible construction of uneven hyenas. The spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta has evolved a matrilineal society in which the females be more than(prenominal) dominant allele and aggressive than males inwardly the companys. Female and male manners accrue together to form a complex social structure that campaigns disagreement and reproductive success. This species is an exceptional example of matrilineal hierarchy and social transcription as opposed to the regular male-dominant societal structure present in the case of most mammals. Scientists continue to study the spotted hyena for its unco sophisticated social behavior, which whitethorn be comparable to that of some order Primates and maybe even human beings (Jenks et al., 1995 Drea et al., 2002 Engh et al., 2002 East et al., 2003).The spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, is a truly intelligent ani mal that organizes itself into large circles of 50-80 members (Engh et al., 2002). While most mammals debunk a male-dominant society where males fight for rank and the right to reproduce, the spotted hyena has developed a matrilineal society (Jenks et al., 1995). Females are more dominant and aggressive than males and pass on their rank to their offspring (Jenks et al., 1995 Engh et al., 2002). They are prudent for reproductive choice overdue to their dominant status (East et al., 2003). Males regularly set off to clans international their original society, despite the cost of access to food, for the chance of higher(prenominal)(prenominal) reproductive success (Engh et al., 2002). They in addition engage in specific lucky behaviors to entice females to choose to mate with them (East et al., 2003). All of these sophisticated behaviors have evolved to promote variability and overall success for the spotted hyena. Even more amazingly, the real(prenominal) social structure a nd behaviors of dominant-submissive interactions step upd within an isolated group of spotted hyenas embossed in captivity (Jenks et al., 1995). The spotted hyena is definitely a very unique case of societal arrangement (Engh et al., 2002). With kick upstairs study, the evolution of this noteworthy case of sex-role reversal and complex hierarchy may in short be fully understood. It may provide further insight into exchangeable social arrangements seen with other animals such as primates (Jenks et al., 1995). The study of spotted hyenas may even provide insight into more primitive stages of human societal structure, especially where in that respect are matrilineal cultures.Females are without question the more dominant gender within spotted hyena clans and they exercise this strength when it comes to reproduction (Engh et al., 2002 East et al., 2003). They are on average larger, more aggressive, and more violent than males within the clan (Engh et al., 2002). Their special a natomy an enlarged clitoris through which copulation occurs gives them full control over sexual activities and accessorys (East et al., 2003). at that place is no chance for compel copulation simply because the male hyena needs the females full cooperation for proper coitus to occur (East et al., 2003). Theories for the evolution of this somatogenic characteristic include (a) counter-evolution in the presence of high rates of forced copulation and (b) selection for overall more dominant and aggressive individuals resulting in masculinization (Drea et al., 2002). Since more dominant and aggressive females also attain a higher rank within the clan, they tend to be more fortunate in raising a larger number of young. A higher rank correlates to greater access to food and thus higher chances of excerption for dickens mother and offspring (Engh et al., 2002).Female spotted hyenas have quaternate criteria for choosing mates. They prefer immigrant males to natal males, those born within the community a doable measure for prevention of inbreeding (Engh et al., 2002). Even more amazingly, females generally prefer males of similar age, preventing sexual interactions with fathers or sons (East et al., 20023). Females also show preference for more submissive, slight aggressive males (East et al., 2003). This selection for less aggressive males further emphasizes the sexual dimorphism, both in behavior and physical characteristics, present in this species. Females copulate with some(prenominal) males when in heat, possibly to dissuade males from infanticide (East et al., 2003). This behavior further increases variability it is quite a common to see single litters whose cubs can be traced to different fathers (Engh et al., 2002). It serves to throw away males and dissuade them from killing cubs that may or may not be their own a complex behavior that shows foresight and intelligent ideal (East et al., 2003). Female choice for less aggressive males and beh avior to prevent infanticide may have evolved to counter the extremely high-risk pregnancies these animals go through due to their anatomy (Drea et al., 2002).In a study conducted by Engh and colleagues (2002), the reproductive reorient among male hyenas was investigated. One of the major discoveries was that immigrant males had an immense advantage over natal males. Over the 10-year period that one clan of hyenas was observed, it was lay down that immigrant males sired 97% of the cubs, spell natal males only sired 3% (Engh et al., 2002). This explains the males behavior of leaving natal clans and immigrating elsewhere the cost of rank and access to food are highly outweighed by the reproductive benefits in a non-natal clan (Engh et al., 2002). Within the group of immigrant males, it was build that rank did not have a statistically significant put on a males reproductive success. In fact, males a few ranks beneath the highest ranking immigrant had the most success in terms of cubs sired (Engh et al., 2002). In general, promote the measure of how long an immigrant male had been in the clan was found to be a better indicator of reproductive success. The immigrant males rates of producing cubs increased significantly the longer they remained in the clan, showing a strong correlation mingled with tenure and reproductive success (Engh et al., 2002).Male spotted hyenas are also observed to exhibit behaviors to make themselves more attractive to females. As found in a recent study by East and colleagues (2003), there was no reproductive advantage to harassing, shadowing, or defending females from other competition. In fact, males exhibiting these behaviors were often attacked or chased away by females and other clan members. Instead, males found significantly more reproductive success by raising relationships with females over longer periods of time a surprisingly complex behavior very close to that of humans (East et al., 2003). Having these friendly rel ationships also were seen to solidify the males places within the clan hierarchy once again, a very complex sociological behavior, especially when seen outside the order of primates (East et al., 2003).The sophisticated system of hierarchy was even recreated in captivity by a group of previously unranked hyenas collected at infancy (Jenks et al., 1995). Amazingly, these young hyenas grouped themselves in a matrilineal hierarchy, as observed over the course of two generations (Jenks et al., 1995). This structuring occurred despite the lack of maternal input for the first generation, showing that social organization is programmed into the spotted hyenas behavioral patterns (Jenks et al., 1995). While the first generation had myopic to no maternal interaction to help rank them within the clan, they went on to influence their own offsprings place in the clan hierarchy, just as observed in wild clans (Jenks et al., 1995). The only significant difference betwixt the experimental clan and wild clans was the speed at which the cubs ranks stabilized within the community. Experimental group cubs solidified their place much faster than those in the wild, possibly due to smaller numbers and less movement within the clan (Jenks et al., 1995).The spotted hyena is a remarkable animal. It shows extremely complex behavior that leads to sophisticated social structure something that is rarely seen in mammals outside of primates (Jenks et al., 1995). In fact, the matrilineal group structure of hyena clans is very similar to that of Old World primates (Jenks et al., 1995). The sense of organization in this manner is so strong within the hyenas evolved behavioral patterns that matrilineal structure is even seen to spontaneously emerge in isolated hyenas raised in captivity (Jenks et al., 1995). Complex sexual behaviors, such as the females choice of partner based on immigrant status, tenure, and age, seem to promote the creation of this social structure (Engh et al., 2002 East et al., 2003). Carefully nurtured relationships between same- and opposite-sex individuals show the multifaceted interactions between clan members that also contribute to the development of matrilineal organization (East et al., 2003). Female command is even supported by biological mechanisms and the altered anatomy of this species (Drea et al., 2002). With further study, the circumstances that led to the evolution of this unique system may soon be uncovered. This will provide insight not only into the spotted hyenas sociological history, but also into that of Old World primates and possibly even that of human beings. It is an exciting prospect that will hopefully emerge within the years to come.

The Environment Of Perhentian Island, Malaysia

The Environment Of Perhentian Island, MalaysiaFor more runty islands incumbranceistry is economic totallyy signifi flowerpott as a source of income and employment. Islands, especially lowly islands, deal to fascinate and attr figure prohibited spendmakers, and for tropical Less Developed Countries (LDCs) such(prenominal) as Malaysia with umteen offshore islands, developers and government planners see the potential to develop resorts. Howal offices, what if small islands that already host supranational touristry, even small-scale such as back downpackers? What issues and tensions might emerge as these small island lasts face signifi keept multifariousness? Peninsular Malaysia has many small islands off the east sailplaning, they all pick up deform increasingly favorite among foreign and topical anesthetic tourist a deal. Islands like Perhentian is drawing more and more people to name and this popularity although good for the political economy has brought about a chaw touristry phenomenon whereby enlarged amounts of people land the island at unrivaled given quantify in that respectfore crowding the island. This drives the touristry regimen, hotels and tour operators to supply to the demand, focusing more on the upsurge tourism and the revenue it generates, thus neglecting the purlieual degradation that holds about many disconfirming reachs to the island. Many conservation programmes adjudge been since embarked by the tourism authorities aft(prenominal) realising the need for protection for the environment notwithstanding most be reasonable ad hoc and has non been sustained.The Perhentian islands off the east coast of peninsula Malaysia engage been a tourism destination since the late 1980s when backpackers discovered these islands. The two of import islands of perhentian have experienced differing forms of development since then, and this island has since attracted more and more visitors to its majestic islands. And this musical composition examines how fix tourism rotter affect a fractionicular destination as a wagesoff of its popularity.1.2 Research suspicionWhat atomic number 18 the effect of feces tourism to the environment of Pulau Perhentian that will be my research questionMy problem comes with bay window and advancing tourism patience and its effect to the internal pay offting that we have in Perhentian Island.Urbanization is not indeed a problem to any wiz, judging by the course e preciseone is living comp argond to 20 eld back. The convenience to carry out a task is made so simple by so many gadgets, storing, managing and sharing data and training has never been easier later the invention of the internet and so on. Its a realistic world now that we argon living in.tourism is the no 1 hospitality assiduity in the world, with the advancement of technology in raptus and information transfer. Booking, choosing, becomeling and experiencing has never been more easy. further have we ever stop to think what is required for us to experience these holidays? Hotel? Land? pictorial resource? , and have we ever take a leakn a step back to think what and how our activities have done to our environment? I am not arguing saying that tourism industry is the important ca procedure of all the pollution and devastation ca utilise. But in this paper I am going to show what some irresponsible stakeholders have done to Perhentian and how our notice disposition suffers while watching us frolicking.1.3 Research documentarysMalaysia is a untaught which embraces its modernity while its tradition and world old charm, together with this is its boom beauty of the inherent setting, the tropical jungles and its plankrse ecosystem. in that locationfore this destination is fuellight-emitting diode by an increasing number of local anesthetic and international tourists, and with advancement of global dialogue, the meter ar rocketing up. But with the increa sing number of tourist host and suppliers in Malaysia need to cater to the demand thus causing development and urbanization, and thus causing Malaysia to lose much of its land, rain forest, sacrificing endangered species of animals along the wayThis research has three detail objectives in order to understand the blow of mass tourism to the environment.The first objective is to examine perhentian island which have been affected, the result of these pollutions and to prove that these pollutions are caused by mass tourism activities.The second objective is to understand how government, NGOs and the public are doing to observe the environment.The third objective is to add solutions and ideas that can be used for the future of tourism and also act up the environment at the same time so that tourism and sustainability can coexist without destroying each early(a)wise.1.4 Significant of studiesThis research provides several puzzle outs to the tourism industry , the local community and Perhentian island.This research will cooperate to show how mass tourism has been affecting the intrinsic setting of perhentian island, and the danger that it poses to the endangered species of animals that administer the islands warm water system system supply and jungles with us. Second, by identifying the cause and effect of the damage to perhentian island, measures can be than taken by local authorities and other government bodies to preserve the lieing of the island and set boundaries and rules which may in return bring back the balance in the ecosystem and the natural setting of perhentian island. Third, by implementing pass away laws in perhentian , this would help to reduce on the damage that has hit perhentian. And help to preserve the environment and its ecosystem for the younger generation to experience.Lastly, this research also contri furtheres association to sustain the natural setting not altogether in perhentian provided also other destinations in Malaysi a that could face the same problem as Perhentian.1.5 Limitations of studiesThis research is done to identify the relationships amidst Mass tourism legal action and its direct impact to Perhentian island. Besides that, this research examines the results of such activity and the solutions that can be resorted to in order to maintain a balance. This research is conducted in Perhentian Island, Malaysia. Inter come acrosss will be carried out to both local and international tourists who are visiting Perhentian.. The sample size is limited to 100 respondents. As perhentian is a small island2.0 Literature review2.1 Mass tourismWhat is tourism?There is no single exposition of tourism which e very(prenominal)one uses. Many definitions have been used over the years, some of which are universal and can be utilize to any situation, and others bounds for a more specific purpose. Different tourism organisation, for example, much devises definitions that satisfy their own specific requiremen ts. The more universal definition builds on Goeldner and Ritchie (2006)Tourism may be defined as the amount of the processes, activities and outcomes arising from the relationship and the interaction among tourist, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities and surrounding environments that are mixed in the attracting, hug druging, hosting and management of tourist and other visitors.Tourism correspond to the Cambridge online dictionary states that its the business of providing services such as raptus, issues to stay or entertainment for people who are on holiday. Meanwhile the oxford online dictionary says that its the commercialized organization and operation of holidays and visits to places of interest.What is mass tourismMass tourism is the act of visiting a leisure destination with large amounts of people at one time. The development of mass tourism is parallel to the development and advancements of technology. transportation system and internet has evolved so much in time , making communication loyal and easy, this allows tourist to research, find out and book and even pay for their holidays online, this thus contributing to the rise of mass tourism, also that the improvement in technology in the transportation industry also helps in the transport of large numbers of people in a short property of time to places of leisure interest, so that greater numbers of people could experience to approve the benefits of leisure time.Mass tourism has always been the subject of reproof for its negative impacts around the world. Many books point out mass tourisms potentially destructive impacts on societies, culture and environment. Many authors condemned and excuse condemn this mass custom and those who enjoy it. Actually the debate over the advantages and the disadvantages of tourism has raged ceaselessly and will continue. Tourism development in many places, and especially mass tourism, has led to deterioration in environment quality. In the 1960s, the effects of mass tourism and the increasing awareness of the human impacts on the environment led to a general state that nature is not an inexhaustible resource. sexual intercourse in the midst of environment and tourismToday, one can assist to a high degree of sensibility for the natural environment. The reason is that tourism is the only economical sector that offers natural environment as a very important part of its harvest-home. In other words, the natural environment is a key element of the tourism activity. Krippendorf (1982) the landscape is the real raw visible of tourism it is the reason for the existence of tourism as well as its economic driving force. It highlights the feature that tourist product quality is link up with environment quality. This highly dependence between tourism and environment is often used as basic argument to make the tourism industry aware about the negative impacts of mass tourism on the environment. MA atomic number 63an Touri sm ManagementEnvironmentThe environment constitutes a tourism resource and has to be considered as a part of the tourism product because no other economic sector is so vitally and today affected by environmental quality (Mieczkowski, J. 1995). This close relationship or interdependence between tourism and environment, Mieczkowski (1995 ) defines it as the environmental part of tourismMul designle surveys confirm the hypothesis that the quality of natural environment constitutes the primeval factors that attracted the present-day tourist (WTO, 1983 28). So, if tourism wants to survive, it seems imperative to reach this harmony between people and nature. It is the only way to minimize the costs of tourism on the environment and permit the tourist to enjoy undisturbed nature. (Mieczkowski, J. 1995) This symbiotic relation, term used by Budowski (1976) has a name, it is sustainable tourism.Mass tourism creates discriminating environmental pressures due to the fact that such activity involves a large number of tourists in small bailiwicks. Moreover, those pressures are accentuated by the temporal polarization of mass tourism (Shaw, G. and Williams, A. 2002). Hudman and Jackson (2003) acknowledge that coastal resorts are a good example of changing pre-existing forms associated with both the human and sensible environment. In Spain, for example, several coastal villages have been changed rather dramatically in the past few years. Travel posters of the area usually highlight the area as it was before tourism. Yet, with the growth of mass tourism, the scattered villages of Torremolinos, Benidorm or Lloret del Mar, and other small villages are no longer recognizable. Lloret de Mar, was among the first in Europe to be developed for mass tourism (Telegraf.co.uk, 2001). More recently, the development of transport facilities such as airlines have permitted to those places to attract still more tourists. For example, since the arriver of Ryanair, the low cost airline company, at Gerona airport, the town of Lloret de Mar has become far more accessible, especially to those who maintain a strict propel compute. Mass tourism has a range of impacts of all types on natural environment (e.g. coastal, mountains or inland) but also on built environments (e.g. diachronic sites or cities).Mass tourism leads to the direct degradation, pollution, even destruction of elements (air, soils, geology, vegetation, water and wild conduct) and ecosystems (coastal, mountains, inland and polar) (Mieczkowski, Z. 1995). The main causes are the construction of tourist facilities such as hotel complexes, theme parks and marinas and the concentration of tourists in the same place. The simplest way to view such environmental impacts is to consider mass tourism indoors specific environments. Coastal areas are especially vulnerable to mass tourism because they toy the most desirable places to spend vacation. In some places such as the Mediterranean, there has been widesp read destruction of the ecosystems. It is the ocean ecosystem which supports and is affected by mass margin tourism, especially concentrated during the high season (from June to August). The summer months have most sun and they include the longest school holiday menstruation when families take their main vacation. The naval ecosystems suffer from garbage disposal by hotels and littering by tourists, oil spills from cruise ships and other motorized boat traffic, etc. (Mieczkowski, Z. 1995). every the construction of tourism facilities required for mass tourism in coastal areas affects the beach in any ways. bases are required to act with the large volume of consumers in a short period of time (Shaw, G. and Williams, A. 2002)Why did mass tourism happenMass tourism appears after the World War II, it was initiated in the back streets of the industrial towns and cities in the mating of England. The development of mass tourism in the western world was associate to the economic d evelopment of society and as a matter of fact to the incorporation of a more powerful middle and lower correct inside the tourist market. This expansion has been based on external factors such as generalisation of paid holidays, rising standards of living and a rapid improvement in the means of transportation such as the growth in air travel. The growth of such tourism represents a democratisation of travel and this democratisation means that status distinctions will be draw between the different classes of traveller, but less between those that can travel or not.Increase in car ownershipIncrease in leisure time holiday entitlement shorter working week early seclusion with pensions ageing populationGreater wealth larger incomes less children cardinal wage-earner familiesMotorwaysJet aircraftComputer reservation systemsInternet on-line bookingThe megabucks tourThe packet boat tour, also called mail boat holiday, package travel or all-inclusive package are often standardised and with limited flexibility. The package refers to the purchase of a package of travel services including transport and allowance. All other types of trips are non-package tours. When buying a package, the tourist feels sure to receive the service promised. Today, the industry tourism has adapted its offer to the customer unavoidably and expectations and proposes tailor-made packages where the customer can combine all the components of his trip. The idea of the package tour is the same but more flexibility is grantedweekend breaksEcotourismTechnologyPopularity of the certain placeTrendWhat are the effects?The impact of the mass tourism is quite popular, especially upon the environment. Besides, very limited make out of money spent on holidays actually get to the local people, which regional and native heathen attractions we all enjoy. These are the people who actually keep open the traditions and habits of their local areas. The people, who allow us to catch a glimpse of thei r cultural heritage, they are who have preserving and taking care of the un-spoiled nature for all of us. possibly many of the people are used to think that braggy tour operators and large travel consortiums have a responsibility to preserve that local cultural heritage and environment. But they are only concerned about their profit and zip else. But if one do not require a bit further in future and see that this way, one day there would not be many remaining tourist resources and gains will start descending fast. Unfortunately, this will affect no one so greatly, but the locals. After all, alternative tourism forms include small groups of people, who surely do not harm the environment that much. Besides, if not familiar, as I am sure most of them are, one of the aims of the alternative tourism forms is to acknowledge how to preserve the environment and local traditions and culture. Actually, some alternative forms are meant to enable man to appreciate the greatness of nature, a great such example is the eco-tourism. However, it is totally different situation in some big resorts with thousands of people path around and a lot of hotels keeping the splendiferous nature views away from your sight. Of course, there are many ways of entertainment in view of the tourists animation, nightlife, and other. But is it not exactly that what we are running from? Could great nightlife and various animations with the difference they are at different place, oppose with the variety of all alternative forms to compare with the naked nature and cultural heritage?Advantage1) Jobs are generated by tourism in many areas in the initial construction of the resorts, in travel, in food planning and in other service related industries.2) Local people benefit instantaneously from employment4) Transport facilities are developed5) The local revenue base increases so the local government/council can invest in schools, healthcare and social services.DISADANTAGES1) TNCs (Trans Na tional Corporations) from rich countries are often involved this can result in a lot of profits deviation the country.2 Jobs can be seasonal especially in beach and skiing based resorts. people can therefore find themselves out of work in the close season.3) Tourists consume huge amounts of resources including food and water this type of tourism is particularly UNSUSTAINABLE in this manner.4) Tourists introduce innovative set and cultures this causes cultural pollution.5) Land is deep in thought(p) from farming to tourist developments.Example of a place affected by mass tourismFor years Bali, the drop among the Sunda Islands, has been touted as an earthly paradise, thanks to the its tropical landscapes, its colour sandy beaches, the torment beauty of its Hindoo temples and its inhabitants reputation for kindness and tolerance. But this idyllic stage may soon be a thing of the past, with the threat of Bali sightly a prey to the accumulated effects of mass tourism, unbri dled consumption of resources and environmental collapse. From the 1970s onwards Bali really became a tourist destination. Hundreds of hotels use up a large share of freshwater reserves,with each four-star room consuming 300 litres a day. By 2015 Bali could be facing a drinking water crisis.More than a million visitors came to Bali in 2001. The figures for 2011 educe that numbers have more than doubled since, ultimately unaffected by the 2002 terror attack, which left 202 dead, including many Australians. Every year 700 hectares of land is lost to hotels, luxury housing for rich foreigners or just roads to improve connections on the island. Every day some 13,000 cubic metres of waste is dumped on public tips and only half is recycled. With 13% more cars on the roads every year, the steadily increasing traffic causes massive jams.In an judge to mitigate the ill effects of mass tourism on the local Hindu culture , an exception in largely Muslim Indonesia , the authorities have in troduced environmental legislation. One of its provisions makes it compulsory for resorts to be set back at to the lowest degree(prenominal) 150 metres from beaches, with no hotels within 5km of Hindu temples.In January 2011, the governor of Bali, Made Mangku Pastika, issued a ban on new buildings in heavily developed areas, warning that Bali was in danger of beseeming a sterile land bristling with concrete. The ban is far from popular with investors. Tourism is partly due to the attraction of our culture if mass tourism develops in a way that threatens the culture, and this will result in the locals losing their specific attraction. Compared with other holiday venues in south-east Asia, Bali has retained much of its magic, at least in the areas so far spared by mass tourism. But if nothing is done to halt current trends, it may suffer the same doom as other dream destinations.2.2 Perhentian IslandAsia-Pacific is one of the worlds fastest growing tourism areas in terms of intern ational arrivals, especially in the South-East Asiatic sub-region with booming tourism in established destinations such Thailand (14.1 million international arrivals in 2009) and newer, emerging destinations such as Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos (UN WTO, 2010). The focus of this paper, Malaysia, also has a growing international tourism sector with 24.6 million international arrivals in 2010 generating over US $18.2 billion in receipts, and contributing at least seven per cent of GDP (MOTOUR, 2011). 4International arrivals data to Malaysia is disaggregated according to country of showtime and not by market segment so it is unknown how many backpackers visit, but one estimate suggests at least 300,000 per year (Ian and Musa, 2005). inside the emerging South-East Asia backpacker trail, the Perhentian islands are one of the hotspot sites in northern peninsula Malaysia. Typically, backpackers enter Malaysia from southern Thailand (or travel north from Singapore) and then pilgrimage in a circuit between Penang via the Cameron Highlands and then to the east coast specifically to visit the Perhentians. Backpackers often stay on islands or at other beach resorts as mini break from harder traveling within their larger trips around the region.The Island of PerhentianNot less than an hour on a boat from the east coast of Malaysia, Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia, nearby the metropolis of Kota Bharu, there are two small islands that form the Perhentian Islands. The names are Perhentian Besar, the larger of the two and popular among equates and families with children, and Perhentian Kecil, the smaller island and very popular among budget travelers. Both the islands have plenty of accommodation available to stay overnight. This ranges from luscious resorts that offer cabanas complete with air-conditioning, to simple lodges where you will have to do with ice-cold water and a fan. There are no (internationally renowned) hotels. Perhentian is most popular because the great places for diving and snorkeling in most cases you can enjoy the underwater world right in bearing of the resort. It is also very popular because the island is easy to reach though during the monsoon season (October to March) practically the unit island is closed to tourists. As Perhentian Island is part of a oceanic park visitors have to pay a conservation fee of RM5. The island is situated about 20 kilometers off the northeastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia.http//divezone.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/perhentian-islands-map.gifhttp//go2travelmalaysia.com/tour_malaysia/images/perhentian_map.gifThe Perhentian Islands are two islands named Pulau Perhentian Kecil (Small Perhentian Island) and Pulau Perhentian Besar (Large Perhentian Island). The Malay name Perhentian is translated as place to stop and this is exactly what these two islands were for traders travelling between Malaysia and Bangkok in years gone by. These islands are still a gorgeous place to stop and rest today.Th e laid-back asynchronous transfer mode and the natural beauty of the Perhentian islands immediately transport you to a different world. The white sand is dotted with sun-worshipping holiday makers, some retreating to the shade for a frosting of freshly squeezed juice. A group of scuba divers are boarding a boat to venture out into the turquoise waters and deluge themselves in the underwater wonderland. Later, as the sun sets, a quiet hum of music and chatter fills the air, together with the thin wisp of smoke from the barbeque fire. The islands remain relatively untouched and the only permanent inhabitants live in a small fishing village on Perhentian Kecil. Apart from footpaths that cut with the jungle, there are no roads on the islands. The only way to get around is by walking through the jungle or taking a sea taxi. If you tread carefully, you may even regard some of the islands shy wildlife on the way, such as monitor lizards, yield bats, squirrels or even the elusive mou se deer. Simple chalets and some jolly luxurious resorts line the picturesque beaches along with restaurants, dive centers and boat operators advertise their services with hand-painted signs. Perhaps it is the stretches of white beach or the crystal clear water and the superior scuba diving. Perhaps it is the untouched forests or the relaxed asynchronous transfer mode and unspoiled charm. We like to think that the lush greens and the wildlifes habiting the island makes Perhentian Islands the perfect place to relate ecotourism adventure tourism.Activities In the islandAttractions in Perhentian island are all nature based, ranging from snorkeling to scuba diving and jungle treeking. All eager to teach tourist about the ecosystem that surrounds the island. These islands have been gazette as a ocean park and as such littering, fishing and collecting of any marine life (whether dead or alive) is strictly prohibited. As it is a marine park, this also means that the rich diversity of a quatic life has been bear on and it is beautiful to experience.SnorkellingPerhentian is famous for its great snorkeling possibilities. A lot of resorts on the island have their own house reef. This means that you can snorkel directly in front or within walking distance of your resort. On the Perhentians there are dozens of diving schools. There, you can rent diving goggles, an air tube and flippers for a small fee (usually around RM15 per day). With this equipment you can snorkel in front of your bungalow. Sadly the fish in front of the resorts often are very spoiled. This means that, as soon as you are in the water you will be surrounded by small (and sometimes also large) fish that expect you to feed them. Also, the red coral reefs near the resorts usually are less beautiful, because boats regularly pass by to drop people off at the resort. Some of the popular floating policy for snorkeling are Shark Point, Teluk Pauh and Tanjung Basi. If you are lucky, a combination of these sugar may mean that you see a turtle, some black tip reef sharks and an abundance of colourful coral all in one. But the sheer amounts of visitors and careless practices have resulted in damage to the coral and then the marine life around the islands rip.Scuba DivingMany tourists visit Perhentian Island to enjoy a couple of great dives. As there is pugnacious competition between operators diving at the island is relatively cheap, usually ranging between RM60 and RM80 per dive. Diving at Perhentian is especially for beginners as there are well-nigh no currents and visibility is almost always fine. There are crack places to dive in Malaysia, but almost none of them are so affordable and easy to reach as on Perhentian. Marine life is in abundance here and apart from the many species of hard and daft coral that form the backbone of these ecosystems you can also expect to ascertain turtles, several species of sharks, mackerel, jacks, moray eels, nudibranchs and various other reef fi sh. This gives a witness for ecotourist to learn about marine life in their natural habitat and to learn how not to spoil their habitat.Jungle TrekkingOn both the islands there are a number of hiking trails, there are no roads however. The trails are light and usually dont take more than 30 minutes to complete. Perhentian is too small to spot real wildlife, but there are monitor lizards, monkeys, fruit bats and some species of birds on the island. Because walking in the heat is not very pleasant for many, you can take water taxis to return to your resort after the hike. When going to secluded locations, come to an apprehension on the pickup for the return trip. Tropical forest covers the greater part of the Perhentian Islands and a few trails that twist through the greenery allow you to look the diversity of plant life. Tread quietly and you may just bear a few of the islands animals along the way. Monitor lizards are in abundance, as are numerous species of insects and birds. If you are lucky, you may even spot a group of long-tailed macaques (a type of monkey). The elusive mouse deer is also give tongue to to inhabit the island, but these tiny animals are rarely seen. Perhentian a conservation island ?In line with the conservation effort Perhentian Island has Marine Parks as Marine Park are ideal places for viewing the rich aquatic life that abound in Malaysias water. There are 5 marine parks and tourist wishing to visit these parks must take note of regulations. A Marine park is an area of the sea zoned as a sanctuary for the coral reef community which is considered as possibly the most productive ecosystem in the world, with its diversity of flora and fauna. Coral reefs are also important breeding and nursery grounds for many commercially important species of marine organisms and fish.Among the objectives of the Marine Park and Marine reserves are Preservation and protection of coral reef areas from the impact of development. Upgrade and preserve the natural habitat of endangered species of aquatic life. psychiatric hospital of zones for preservation of the aquatic flora and fauna and also for the purpose of research and educational activities. Establishment of zones for recreational uses consistent with the carrying capacity of the area.With the establishment of the Marine Park, the benefits are as follows, the ecosystem and habitat of marine life will be protected and maintained, besides that it will also help in rejuvenation of over ill-used zones and their maintenance for the protection of endangered species of marine organisms, and establishment of zones for research and educational purposes.Perhentian and mass tourismThe growth of tourism changes and modifies the environment. Environment is land, water, air, flora and fauna, but also people and culture and the impacts of tourism are reflected on elements of the natural environment as well as on the man-made environment or built environment (development of environments f or tourism as for example holiday resorts). The development of tourism requires the existence of an infrastructure, as well as hotel accommodation and another facilities specific to tourism. In some areas highways and airfields have been constructed to make chevy tourism but not always has the local population benefited from these developments. Infrastructure and facilities require land and the consequence is that land prices rise in the areas were tourism is developingWhat are the effects so far?The Perhentian Islands are fast taking the middle ground of the tourism industry. Not big teeming for runways and golf courses like its neighbour Redang Island, tourism comes in two main forms backpackers on Pulau Kecil and weekenders on Pulau Besar. There are only a couple of high-priced resorts, while the bulk of the accommodations cater to the mid-range crowd. Only two decades ago, Perhentian was considered a well-kept secret now the beaches are chock-a-block full of resorts, chalets, dive shops and cafes. Back in 1985 less than ten chalets occupied the coastline of both islands, but a buildin

The Personification Of Food In Literature

The Personification Of Food In LiteratureSince viands is cre taked from recipes that have been passed mountain from one extension to the next, the art of cooking was taught by m others to daughters, they reawaken the agone by reminiscence. It is not a surprise that we find frequent references to the effigy of human sourceistics in novels of magic realism, such as Kitchen and Like pee for Chocolate. Food in literature can be utilise as symbolism for many aspects of things, but its most likely that it represents the ideal share of a character or the personality of themselves. This is because certain aspects of a character reveal themselves in the personal choices of consuming provender and the effects later on the characters. Since alimentation make ups of numeral pre-activities to be per holded the preservation, preparation, presentation, and performance of feed as well as the feed product itself is what leads characters to behave ambiguously. More abstractly, in additio n to giving insights within a character, both(prenominal) Yoshimoto and Esquivel use solid pabulum to symbolize significant relationships amongst the characters and the association in fact or thought. Therefore, by analyzing the human attributes given to food, we can gain insights into numerous ideas that the writers are exemplifying. This idea will compare the ways in which food is used for the in a higher place purposes in both novels.Early in Kitchen we are shown a legal brief introduction to the main character Mikage and her adoration for the kitchen. Mikage is portrayed as a caring and generous character through her food preparation activities and presentation. opus preparing food for others, she upholds a soupcon of contentment and happiness because the warmth of food and the company of her loved ones. We see that through the demolition of Mikages grand baffle whose death has left a heavy impact on her. She describes to have slept in the kitchen afterwards her grandmot hers death, which indicates her association with warmth and food was what she needed to comfort her discerning soulSteeped in a sadness so great I could barely cry, shuffling softly in gentle drowsiness, I pulled my futon into the mortal(a) silent gleaming kitchen. Wrapped in a blanket, like Linus, I slept. The hum of the refrigerator kept me from thinking of my loneliness. There, the long night came on in perfect peace, and morning came.Furthermore, being a culinary tea leafchers assistant, Mikage has a particularly refined taste for food and always seems able to stick eating an event that upholds optimism and hope under any circumstances. She makes it a kindly experience for Yuichi, an acquaintance of her grandmothers funeral whos family Mikage goes to live with after her grandmothers death. He had been mournful after his own mothers death and Mikage had prepared a magnificent feast in order to cheer him up.And its true that for the whole summer I went most it with a crazed enthusiasm cooking, cooking, and cooking. I poured all(prenominal) my earnings from my part-time job into it, and if mostthing came issue wrong Id do it over till I got it right. Angry, fretful or cheery, I cooked through it all. (56)Mikage is also shown to reveal her interior(a) emotions through the use of preservation and presentation of food to express her unassumingness and concern. As a young woman who had been taught by her grandmother to cook, she does not limit herself to only traditional recipes. She prepares food with vast quantities of materials and tries to expand on her options of cooking a good meal. She questions her love for the kitchen, Perhaps to me a kitchen represents some distant longing engraved on my soul. As I stood there, I seemed to be making a new start something was coming behind (56). The intensity of culinary had given her opportunities to express her inner feelings and to maintain a steady relationship with the people in her life. Mikage prefer s finely detailed meals which consist of dishes with lots of color and shapes, reflecting her personality within the final product. Her preservation of food reflects her thoughts and concerns for the people in her life, such as her friendship with Yuichi. She identifies his loneliness and sets out to be a better friend byFinding myself stand alone in the standing alone in the street, close to midnight, tumesce pleasantly full, a hot takeout container of katsudon in my hands, completely throw as to how to proceed. (93)From this we can perceive the importance of friendship from Mikages generosity of preparation food for a friend. On contrary, Yuichi is grateful of having Mikage in his life and the food would taste so good because he feels loved and happy amongst his isolation.It is hardly the notion that distinguishes Mikage from other characters in Kitchen. Though Mikage also has a mean taste for food that shes accustomed to,The food was so delicious, and I cognize how very, ve ry hungry I was. It occurred to me I always enjoyed what I ate when I was with him. How wonderful it is, I thought (142).In contrast to other characters in the book, Mikage does not care for her social environment. This is evident in which she describes her eating experiences with Yuichi, her very close friend. This shows that Yuichi has bonded with a person who cares very much around him through her expressive eating behavior.The hearty attitude to food is think to their genuine friendship, and more specifically, conveying their emotions. In a caf, sensible Mikage drank tea with Yuichi, confessing that it was their first time sitting down in such a setting, Yuichi bluntly blurts out Mikages feelings about her grandmothers death versus his feelings towards his mothers death. The literal description of Mikages deeply response was Yuichi, the fact that youre relaxed enough with me now to tell me how youre really feeling is a source of comfort to me. It makes me very happy. So happy I feel like shouting it from the rooftops (76). It can be interpreted metaphorically with tea being a symbol for relaxation but conveys credit between people. Contrariwise, Mikages goal in a genuine friendship is shown in her attitude towards her association with food. When she began to sob audibly, everyone in the place turned to see at her. Chikas shoulders jerked spasmodically, racked with grief. Tears fell into her soup (86). Again, the fundamental presentation of food is associated with emotions and memoirs. Mikage, who witnesses his touching scenario can identify that the human heart is unquestionably incomparable and genuine. The human nature of Mikage shows itself in the reply the experiences of the last months had changed me. In the mirror I could see only a trace of the spoiled princess I had been, the one who took Eriko for granted. I was so far from that now (87). The death of a friend led her to realization that it was too late to say goodbye.Experiencing a similar f ate to Mikage, Tita shows her affections through her preparation and presentation of food. However, she is denied of love from her mother and she is used as a tool to compensate the happiness of the tranquility of family members while not being able to experience her own. While all the food she prepares does not center on her, most of it was having to do with her entity. So it seemed that Tita was destined from the very beginning to learn the traits of cooking since birth, allowing her emotional friendship to the food she cooked later in her life as a form of realism. The establishment of traditional recipes being handed down from one generation to the next is relevant to Tita and her emotions. Since her mother has denied her marriage to Pedro, her lover he has brought her roses which she used for their family dinner. A sense of alchemical process, this is ominously displayed at the dinner with that meal it seemed they had discovered a new system of communication , in which Tita w as the transmitter, Pedro the pass catcher and poor Gertrudis the medium, the conducting body through which the singular sexual message was passed (52). Her alive behavior concerning her preparation of food and drinks shows her frustration and insatiable character on her knees, was bent over the grinding stone, moving in slow fixedness rhythm, grinding the almonds and sesame seeds (67). Tita finds her sexual satisfaction in passionately committing criminal conversation with Pedro and this is symbolized by the eating of rose petal quail. Without any mention of wild-eyed love, the presentation of food reflects the intensifying emotions during the preparation. This example adds to Titas profile to have affectionate characteristics.The way that food can be used as a literary effect is evidence in both novels Kitchen and Like water system for Chocolate, Yoshimoto and Esquivel seem to share a similar view on the literary use of food symbolism. The reason that something as generalized as food comes to represent the characters and their need to transform the food with their own emotions. Instead of describing at once what kind of character one is or stating how the plot will develop, both authors use the personification of food to convey the ideas. It is this sort of literary proficiency that makes a novel enduring.

Free Essays - The Web of Life in All the Kings Men :: All the Kings Men Essays

The Spider Web of Life Through reveal the novel, All the Kings custody by Robert Penn Warren, the characters are constantly feeling the effects of their action later(prenominal) in the book. Every one of their sinister, sketchy actions were dealt with again later in the book and not in pleasant circumstance. As Cass Mastern had figured out the world is like an enormous wanderer web and if you touch it, as yet lightly, at any point the vibration ripples to the remotest perimeter and the drowsy spider feels the tingle and is drowsy no more but springs out to lock in the gossamer coils about you who have touched the web and then shoot down the black, numbing poison under your hide.(188-89)This quote is a major discipline that is encountered throughout the book. crap and the Judge, here is where we mainly see the web at work. diddly-squat, at the request of Willie, went to dig up dirt on the Judge. Jack finds so many things out and as he exposes it everything goes wrong, the spid er got him. When Jack reveals his findings to Judge Irwin, his father, he ends up killing himself before Jack has a chance to talk to him father to son. Although, for the most part, Jacks goal as verbalize at the beginning of the book was that he was to pursue truth and knowledge, he needed to leave this alone because it was a pursuit of knowledge, but it had no positive motive behind it, and, as we have encountered in former books throughout the year and throughout this one, truth is not always a good and noble thing. In this case the truth led to what sunk the Judge and Jack was pursuing the truth. The Cass Mastern story provides an interesting parallel to the current saga of Jack Burden and Willie Stark. Cass is tormented, as Jack is, by the truth and this drives them some(prenominal) to the brink only Cass falls over and can not recover. Cass pass water the spider web when he committed adultery with his good friends wife and after this the venom never seemed to forfeit f lowing. He could not stop tormenting himself because the ripple in the web he caused had been so huge that it swallowed up his friend and destroyed him. Cass could not correct what had been done and that destroyed him. Jack, nevertheless though his ripple had also destroyed another, had the opportunity to redeem himself because, even off though his action was bad, it truly was in the pursuit of the truth, which, by translation is good.

Ozone and Global Environmental Politics Essay examples -- pollution gl

Ozone and Global Environmental government activity A thin layer of gas called atmosphere surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere serves two important purposes it is a filter for the suns dangerous ultraviolet radiation rays and keeps the heat, infallible to maintain life on earth, within the stratosphere (Vorlat 361). Ultraviolet light is improbably dangerous to all the organisms within the Earths ecosystem because it causes skin cancer, effects the immune system, and harms give and animal life. For that reason the atmosphere and the ozone layer within it are critical to a stable life on this planet. The ozone layer is in danger, however. It is veneering depletion by a toxic man-made substance called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Together the global community is working through treaties and conventions to stop this environmental business. To understand the problem behind ozone depletion we first must understand what ozone is and how it works. Ozone is a thin tut elary layer that starts nine miles up in the air and continues up in the sky thirty-one miles (Kellner 20). It serves as a screen against the suns harmful UV rays by protecting plants and animals, as well as people from skin cancer, immune system problems, and eye disorders, such as cataracts (Ozone Treaties). Ozone is a gas, often a bluish color, made up of terzetto oxygen atoms instead of the typical two. Ozone forms when solar ultraviolet rays and oxygen molecules meet. The resultant role of the meeting is free oxygen molecules that form to regular oxygen molecules to compel ozone molecules. Thus the process repeats (Vorlat 361). So in essence the suns rays are destroying oxygen molecules to create the ozone that is going to serve as a filter for the planet... ...nment Programme. (1997) The Climate Change Convention. New York, New York. United Nations plane section of Public Information. United Nations, Press Release. (1999, March 16) 84 Countries Now gestural on to Ky oto Protocol. on-line http//www.unfccc.de/fccc/conv/presskp.html. Vorlat, Katrien. The Chemistry of the Atmosphere. International Environmental Law Anthology. Ed. Anthony DAmato and Kristen Engel. Cincinnati Anderson, 1996. Warrik, J. (1998, November 15) 160 Nations digest Pact on GlobalWarming Compliance Accord Speeds Up Timetable for Action plan on Environment. Washinton Post. on-linehttp//newslibrary.krmediastream.com/cgi- bin/document/wp_auth?DBLIST=wp98&DOCNUM=61971. Wysham, Daphne. On Eve of Clinton Visit universe of discourse Bank Grants China $330 Million for High Polluting Coal Project. 25 June 1998. http//www.igc.org/coc/bwi081.html

Birth of a Nation Essay -- essays research papers

On March 3, 1915 the movie The Birth of a race was released at the Liberty Theatre in New York City. This film was financed, filmed, and released by the Epoch Producing Corporation of D.W. Griffith and Harry T. Aitken. It was one of the first films to ever recitation deep-focus shots, night photography, and to be explicitly controversial with the derogatory view of blacks. passim the movie, the film justified the need of the KKK in order to keep cordial harmony among society after the Civil War. In the beginning, the Cameron family was depicted as loving family and the slaves were depicted as sensible and content beings during the slave period. The pandemonium and madness started after the civil war during the Reconstruction period. Blacks were then visualized as animalistic savages that were oppressing the rights of the white people in the community and jeopardise their livelihood. So, African Americans could only be placed into two categories in this movie. They were eithe r the faithful servant or the renegade whose objective was to intimidate and coerce white people. The black slaves are shown as noble beings that defended their masters against another(prenominal) black people. However, the black people in congress are shown as arrogant and ignorant with no manners.This sort of subtly suggest that blacks beseeming role is to tend to the land and that they lack the sense and morals to be given them the same equality as a white person. If blacks were on the same le...

Doctor Faustus Essay -- essays research papers

Remind yourself of scene 5, lines 167 280 (pages 31 37 in the raw Mermaids Edition) from Now would I bear a obtain to the entrance of The seven-spot Deadly Sins. (In some other editions, this share begins near the end of diddle 2 purview 5 and includes the opening of Act 2 Scene 1.)What is the importance of this sectionalisation in the context of the whole play?In your answer you should consider-The dramatic effects created by the Good and infernal Angels-The language used by Faustus and Mephastophilis.This section of the play has both an strategic structural and contextual role in Dr. Faustus. Leading the audience by dint of his doubt and limitations, Faustus begins to piss that his potential for discernledge and power is not half(a) as grand as he expected. This leads him into strong bouts of inner struggle, as shown by the appearance of the good and condemnable angels on stage. The forces of good and evil start to tear away at Faustus, and he begins the decline i nto his inventible sad downfall at the end of the play.At the start of section, we see Faustus is stemma to use his powers to attain rare and elusive knowledge about our universe, forming flourish demands, such asNow would I have a book where I might see all characters and planets of the heavens, that I might know their motions and dispositions. Of course, the knowledge is granted, but appears to be enclosed in one single-volume book. Faustus sees this as a boundary another restriction, on the pledge that was supposed to have him ultimate rewards. He statesO thou art deceived,realising the dissatisfaction, and what he has sacrificed.It could be said that Marlowe uses this anticlimax to warn the audience not to follow Faustus ways, express the fact that it can only bring superficial pleasures and shallow reward.The section is also characterized by the two appearances of the good and evil angels, which I tonicity play a significant role in the morality issues the dealt with in the play.Aside from signifying the persuasion into evil, the appearance of the angels also re demos Faustus inner conflict, by exposing his graduated realisation that his actions have left him disappointed, and the fact that he cannot escape the morality within him. These scenes are vital to the play, and are used by Marlowe to pass on Faustus thoughts on stage. If seen in the context of a morality play, it could be ... ...stus is unsighted to the truth of repentance. And I feel at this moment, the audience truly realize that he can never escape this tragical spiral into damnation.Overall, we have seen how Marlowe uses this section of Dr.Faustus to present the tragic traits in Faustus character, and most importantly to shine up his flaws, and how they show the gradual failure of his plans. It deals with important contextual issues, such as the limitations and implications of over ambition shown in Mephastophilis blunt offerings which Marlowe demonstrate the consequences of o ver-reaching yourself. It also presents us with the Morality play idea, by using the Good and Evil angels to present Faustus inner struggle of good versus evil, which he cannot overcome. Finally, Marlowe has also used the section to convey the traits of the Elizabethan tragic hero in Faustus constant depend for achievement, inability to recognise implications and failed plans. Ultimately, I feel the section is significant as it powerfully highlights these characteristics to portray the dangers of Faustus exploits, while evoking feelings of fear and tension with the audience towards the tragic climax at the end of the play.

On The Waterfront :: Movie, Film Analysis

Setting The story starts out in the cardinal fifties in a typical small townsfolk exploit by the crew. The title On the Waterfront befits it well, for the towns only way of employment is working on the docks for the mob. The mob controls everything in this town they ar the union and the law. If anything accurs you dont know anything about it. Even if you were accountability there you were blind or D&D (Deaf and Dumb). stance The situation in the town is that a very prominent gentle realitys gentleman in the town was thrown off of the roof of his apartment building. around of the people in the town were mystified by this because he as a upright man that would not have many enemies. virtually people would say he was a saint. His name was Joey. When the police issue forth at the scene of the crime no one is cooperating with them because of the fear of the mob. Although many witnesses were almost family with the victim they will not be a chromatic or pigeon to squeal. This problem has been around for a while and some town members are starting to feel the guilt of their silence (with help from the priest) and adjudicate to meet and talk about the problem.On the docks work was on a first come first serve basis. Friends of the mob was given good easy jobs while the other work tokens were thrown on the fusee and the men would fight for them.Characters The main character is Terry an ex semi-professional bagger who became friendly with the mob during his career. He is a common unintelligent man (typical of his town) that unlike his brother quit school. He was the man that helped the mob kill a good man in the opening scene by distracting him to come onto the roof and check out his pigeons (Symbolic). His brother keeps the mobs papers.The Antagonist is the mob boss named Johnny who blames poverty for causing him to transform into a felon and murderer. It is either make no money or make money. They anticipate like animals in a Social Darwinism. Th e other main means is the sister of the murder victim named Iddie. She comes from a totally sheltered life, ripening up in a catholic school raised by nuns. She refuses to return to school because she wants to face a real problem, not safe read about them.

Sustainable Development Can Reduce Global Warming Essay -- Climate Cha

Global warm is as well serious for the world any longer to ignore its danger or split into opposing factions on it.-- Tony Blair, speech, Sept. 27, 2005According to the latest scientific data there is a direct human influence on the clime system. An upward trend in global temperatures can be distinctly seen over the last three decades. The effects of this human induced modality destabilization can be seen in the present and are communicate to worsen over time, regardless of the level of carbon emitted into the future. This does not specify that global and regional systems should not be overhauled to reduce carbon emissions. A rapid decrease in emissions is necessary to avert further warming of the planet and changes in the mode system. As the various effects of the break climate are being seen now, it can be clear that a level of dangerous climate change has been reached, although not threatening on a global scale. In order to ensure the perpetuity of our species in conditio ns that are not life threatening, a new development form must be adopted. The old route, some may say the bemire way, is no longer feasible. No longer may we dig up energy reserves that were sequestered over millions of years and burn them in a matter of hours. This is not as sustainable as at one time was thought. The planet is telling us that we must radically shift the way we build, develop, live, connect, move, eat, recreate, etc.Sustainable development is a young notion, but a powerful one. Around it, is a conversation that attempts to unite every person on the planet in the hopes that we all might work in concert to further our species. Climate change fits into this conversation very well. Results of unsustainable development, the effects of climate ... ... UN News Center. Web. 2 Nov. 2014.Can Renewable Electricity Reduce impoverishment? Institute of Development Studies. 13 Jan. 2014. Web. 2 Nov. 2014.Climate Change 2014 deduction Report, Longer Report. Intergovernmen tal Panel on Cliamte Change. November 1, 2014.Gerland, Patrick, Adrian E. Raftery, Hana Sevcikova, Nan Li, Danan Gu, Thomas Spoorenberg, and JohnWilmoth, et al. 2014. reality population stabilization unlikely this century. Science no. 6206 234.Resutek, Audrey. Study stark naked Emissions Pays for Itself. MIT News. 24 Aug. 2014. Web. 2 Nov.1http//newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/cutting-carbon-health-care-savings-08242http//www.un.org/en/aboutun/index.shtml3http//www.ids.ac.uk/news/can-renewable-electricity-reduce-povertyTony Blair Quotehttp//www.notable-quotes.com/g/global_warming_quotes.htmlsdpRyJzEeS5ObBYq.99

Brazil :: essays research papers fc

In 1822, brazil-nut tree became a nation independent from Portugal. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, brazil has overcome more than half a century of military organisation to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development. With an abundance of natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil became Latin Americas leading economic originator by the 1970s. Brazil is located in Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is slightly smaller than the U.S., with bordering countries Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. It has many natural resources, including bauxite, gold, fight ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, and timber. The modality is tropical in the north, but temperate in the south. The terrain consists of mostly straight to rolling lowlands, with some plains, hills, mountains, and a narrow coastal belt. In j uvenile years, environmentalists have become increasingly concerned over the future of the virago region, where human life has threatened the worlds largest intact rain forest. Brasilia is the cap and main source of modern industry.The total population in Brazil is 167,988,000. The population grows at a rate of 0.91%, with a life foresight of 64 years for the total population the female life antepast is 67.73 years and the male is 58.96 years. The Brazilian people are very diverse. common chord main ethnic groups exist in the country Portuguese, Native American, and African. The Portuguese, Spanish and English languages are spoken throughout Brazil. However, Portuguese cultural influences wait strong, with Portuguese as the primary language and Roman Catholicism as the principal religion. The definition of literacy being those who are aged fifteen and senior who can read and write, the literacy rate in Brazil is 83% for the inviolate population.Before 1930, the Brazilian econ omy was dominated by a flesh of agricultural and mineral products for export. The world economic depression of the 1930s advance the government to diversify the economy, particularly through industrialization. Consequently, the importance of agriculture and mining has fallen significantly. A major objective of Brazils industrialization policy was to change imported manufactures with Brazilian-made ones. It is now able to export goods such as iron ore, soybeans, footwear, and coffee. Its imports include machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, and electricity.Although Brazil traditionally has been an exporter of primary agricultural and mineral products, these now make up only 40 percent of oversea trade, with manufactured goods becoming the primary export.

Theresienstadt: A Model Jewish Ghetto Essay -- essays research papers

Theresienstadt, A exhibit from Hitler. A place of hope and joy for Jews and Jewesses alike. Theresienstadt was somewhere they could wait the war out without fear until the shadow of national socialism passed. It was a place filled with the most prosperous artists and musicians, daily shows and operas, lectures and seminars, gardens and coffee berry shops. A place with grace and character. An entire town that was given to the Jews as a gift from the Fuehrer. A paradise for Jews. That is at least, what the Nazis wanted population to believe. Forty miles north west of Prague, Czechoslovakia, touch by the central itinerant Mountains Hitler pinpointed the small town of Theresienstadt to be his paradise ghetto, his gift?. Located in a scenic community, Theresienstadt had broad streets and a large square surrounded by devil large parks and two smaller ones. here(predicate) within an area five blocks wide and seven blocks long, over 140, 000 Jews would cast the last months of their lives, and only a few handfuls would survive. The first Jewish prisoners entered Theresienstadt on November 24, 1941. In the beginning, when the Fuehrer first presented the city to the Jews, many came willingly to the ghetto because life as a Jew was becoming intolerable and dangerous elsewhere with the rise and stagger of anti-Semitism. The Jews wanting to enter Theresienstadt merely had to sign a contract turn of events over all remaining as strike offs and property to the S. S, and in return the S. S pledged to take care of them as long as they live Theresienstadt. Theresienstadt was un-like any other ghetto in the fact that Hitler planed to use the ghetto as a shape? ghetto. It was a model that was supposed to represent all the ghettos set up across Europe. Theresienstadt was a place the Nazis and Hitler showed to comfort and reassure the existence as to the overall treatment of the Jews. It was a ploy to try to round top up the real horrors and massacres of the Jews that were breaking out across Europe. Theresienstadt was a ghetto intentional to divert all attention away from the dying and suffering, Hitler wanted to haze over the truth from the world and create a hoax. With thousands of Jews being transported and murdered, among them were great deal who would be recognized and missed in communities. These were people that were famous ... ...e Russian army. Of the 140, 000 people that entered Theresiensadt through 1941 and 1945, Ninety thousand were sent to death in the east, 33, 000 died in the ghetto, and 16, 832 people survived. Most of those that had survived were those who had entered Theresienstadt close to the liberation. Of the 10, 000 children that moved through Theresienstadt only 93 of them survived. Theresiensadt was Hitlers perfect scheme. It was a beautiful small town unsung in the mountains with wide streets and parks the children could play in. The S. S succeeded in devising the world believe Theresienstadt was a sanctuary for Jews. When in reality the pretentious town filled with wonderful and talented people was still post of Hitlers plan of the Final Solution.? Hitlers gift? was a gift to himself in a sense that he was trying to cover up his horrific actions. Theresienstadt was better than most ghettos, having much freedom to express feelings, and more availability to food, but it was still a part of the Holocaust. Hitler succeeded in two things in the years of Theresienstadt the murder of thousands of Jews and the appearance and acceptance of Theresiensadt as, a model? ghetto.

Romeo and Juliet: Fate or Free Will? Essay -- Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet Fate or discontinue Will?The play Romeo and Juliet was one of the most famous love tragedies invariably written. This love story unfortunately had a fatal ending. Many hatful argue over why the lovers had died, was it over Free Will or Fate? The death of Romeo and Juliet was partially because of free will. The fact that Romeo and Juliet got married wise(p) that there was a bitter feud between their families, the Montague and Capulets. This feud brought on many problems, such as the murder of Tybalt by Romeo. Juliet knew that this might be a problem for Her and Romeo. Juliet had said Whats in a lay down? Which explains her ill fate of being a Capulet and Romeo being a Montague. When Romeo tells his retainer Ay, mine own fortune in my misery. This illustrates that he does not...

Free Essays - Sarcasm and Irony in A Modest Proposal :: Swift Modest Proposal Essays

Sarcasm and Irony inA Modest scheme InA Modest Proposal, by Jonathan quick, the main objective was to slang attention to the plight of the Irish people and motivate readers to find a workable solution. blue-belly shows the readers his proposal mainly through irony. Irony hind end be defined as expressing the opposite of what is meant. This is a great proficiency of the sense of humor used in the proposal and in Swift. mavin of the voices that are bear throughout the story is that of irony. The story itself is ironic since no wiz can take Swifts proposal seriously. This irony is clearly demonstrate at the end of the story Swift makes it clear that this proposal would non affect him since his children were grown and his wife unable to have any more children. It would be rather absurd to think that a rational universe would want to both propose this and partake in the eating of former(a) human being. Therefore, before an canalization can continue, one has to make the presu mptuousness that this is strictly a fictional work and Swift had no purpose of pursuing his proposal any further. One of the other voices that are present throughout the entire story is that of sarcasm. Right from the first paragraph Swift attempts to fool his readers by the sarcasm of the dreary scene that Swift presents. For example, he mentions that it is a melancholy sight to see beggars and their children on the street. The sarcastic paradox in this statement is whether it is a melancholy object for him, having to see homeless person people every day, or for the beggars lifestyle? Upon first reading this one may be led to believe that Swift is a human writer attempting to feel the pain of the beggars. But as the story continues, a reader can look back and note that he is victimization a sarcastic tone and the only sad sight that he sees is the fact that people of his status have to deal with commoners. It is a unspoilt combination that makes the reader think twice about any other statements, and the voice used, after the first paragraph. Also, one could argue that the whole scope of the story must be taken into account. First of all, one must take into account the environment in which the story was written. During this time period, the beggars that Swift describes could not read, much less afford to buy one of Swifts works.

Psychoanalitic Approach to The Minister’s Black Veil Essays -- Ministe

both told within hearing immediately turned about, and beheld the semblance of Mr. Hooper, pacing lento his meditative way towards the meeting-house. With wizard accord they started, expressing more wonder than if near strange minister were coming to dust the cushions of Mr. Hoopers pulpit working in the realm of the Gothic, Nathaniel Hawthorne hits upon psychological points that few of his readers are willing to explore. Of course, one may not be able to relate to an example involving such an eccentric display as Mr. Hoopers. There is a sudden lull throughout the audience, followed by a rush of low whispering. He walks historic them, oblivious to the goings-on and proceeds to the front. Something has changed, and everyone is aware. It is painfully obvious that he wanted everyone to know, for the wounds of the change were egotism-inflicted Putting the scenario this way helps to give an anonymous and general view to the spring example. This method is used to show how reali stic, even common, this somewhat absurd font may actually be. In a psychological analysis, this is a prerequisite element in both de-personalizing a situation and giving it potential difference for universal application. In Hawthornes The Ministers Black Veil, many an(prenominal) interpretations by way of psychological analysis are possible, and, once exposed, quite an apparent. Once revealed, there are many routes for understanding the story in a psychoanalytical context. The main approaches this essay will take subscribe to a Jungian analysis, that is, one involving the use of some of the theories and conclusions of German analyst and pioneer, Carl Gustav Jung, a former student and friend of Sigmund Freud, in interpreting the actions of the characters in the story. Jungs discord with Fr... ...Jung, whose assertions not only help in the clinical aspect, but in the search for the common message in all of human literary (this includes oral) tradition. Hawthornes Gothic shows, whether conscious or not, the key conflict that lies within the people of his time as well as the time in which each of his stories take place. It is with this that the key to understanding the self lies within the commonly untapped recesses of the unconscious, an uncomfortable and unnerving concept for everyone, particularly those that have many things to hide. Works Cited Jung, Carl Gustav. Abstracts of the Collected Works of Carl G. Jung. Rockville, Maryland. 1976. Jung, Carl G. The Structure and dynamics of the Psyche. Tr. R. F. C. Hull. New York, NY. 1960 Lauter, Paul, et al. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. New York, NY Boston, Mass. 1998