Westward Expansion and Imperialism :: American America History

double-u amplification and Imperialism passim most of the nineteenth century, the United States expanded its territory watt through and through purchase and annexation. At the end of the century, however, expansion became imperialism, as the States acquired several(prenominal) territories overseas. This policy shift from expansionism to imperialism came about as a go of Americans vex in the Spanish American warfare and the Congressional debates that followed the American victory. later on temporarily resolving the problems of Reconstruction and Industrialization, Americans began to resume the course of expansion. The horrors of the polite War had interrupted the original Manifest Destiny that began in the 1840s. Now, as pi superstarers colonized the last western frontiers, expansionists looked yet farther to the west -- toward Asia and the Pacific. American ships had massive been active in the Pacific. The New England whaling fleets scoured the ocean in essay of their prey. As ships crossed the vast ocean to trade in Asia, islands in the Pacific became central stops for coal, provisions, and repairs. In the South Pacific, the American dark blue negotiated with awestruck natives for the rights to build bases on the islands of Midway and Samoa. This practice had been press release on for a while. The Hawaiian Islands, which lie closest to the American mainland, had long been an important stop for the Pacific fleet. Eventually, the expansion to this area became imperialist. Pearl Harbor, on the island of Oahu, offered one of the most attractive natural bases in the Pacific. Soon early(a) Americans followed to accommodate sugar planters and to establish profitable businesses. Americans were busy building gigantic plantations, warehouses, railroads, dry-docks, banks, hotels, and stores. They briefly dominated the islands economy, and they were able to influence its government as well. Americans created and controlled Hawaiis law-makers and cabinet, and they control the power of the native king. As the century began to come to a close, disputes arose amidst the Kanaka and those of foreign descent. Hawaii for Hawaiians became the slogan of people who sought to pay back the conventional ways of the kingdom. Others called for the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. appropriation would remove the recent trade restrictions on sugar and revive the islands listless economy. The imperialistic was taking over the islands. The imperialistic attitude sprung from the American conquest in the Spanish-American War. Although the Spanish-American War and the intervention in the Philippines were preceded by fifty years of prying in Latin America, and to a lesser degree Asia and Africa, it was these two events that pronounced and tested a fully realized imperial policy.Westward Expansion and Imperialism American America HistoryWestward Expansion and ImperialismThroughout most of the nineteenth century, the United States exp anded its territory westward through purchase and annexation. At the end of the century, however, expansion became imperialism, as America acquired several territories overseas. This policy shift from expansionism to imperialism came about as a result of Americans experience in the Spanish American War and the Congressional debates that followed the American victory. After temporarily resolving the problems of Reconstruction and Industrialization, Americans began to resume the course of expansion. The horrors of the Civil War had interrupted the original Manifest Destiny that began in the 1840s. Now, as pioneers settled the last western frontiers, expansionists looked yet farther to the west -- toward Asia and the Pacific. American ships had long been active in the Pacific. The New England whaling fleets scoured the ocean in search of their prey. As ships crossed the vast ocean to trade in Asia, islands in the Pacific became important stops for coal, provisions, and repairs. In the South Pacific, the American navy negotiated with awestruck natives for the rights to build bases on the islands of Midway and Samoa. This practice had been going on for a while. The Hawaiian Islands, which lie closest to the American mainland, had long been an important stop for the Pacific fleet. Eventually, the expansion to this area became imperialistic. Pearl Harbor, on the island of Oahu, offered one of the most attractive natural bases in the Pacific. Soon other Americans followed to become sugar planters and to establish profitable businesses. Americans were busy building huge plantations, warehouses, railroads, dry-docks, banks, hotels, and stores. They soon dominated the islands economy, and they were able to influence its government as well. Americans created and controlled Hawaiis legislature and cabinet, and they limited the power of the native king. As the century began to come to a close, disputes arose between the Kanaka and those of foreign descent. Hawaii for Hawaii ans became the slogan of people who sought to restore the traditional ways of the kingdom. Others called for the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. Annexation would eliminate the recent trade restrictions on sugar and revive the islands faltering economy. The imperialistic was taking over the islands. The imperialistic attitude sprung from the American Victory in the Spanish-American War. Although the Spanish-American War and the intervention in the Philippines were preceded by fifty years of meddling in Latin America, and to a lesser degree Asia and Africa, it was these two events that marked and tested a fully realized imperial policy.

Lbj Paper

Nicole Curtis 4/15/10 APUS LBJ DBQ Essay hot seat Lyndon B. Johnson and his administration passed several statutes and confirmed many programs that attempted to repair the legion(predicate) political, economic, and fond problems of the mend together States during the 1960s. His administration responded to most of the problems effectively, but with the issue of well-bred rights, for example, they didnt always fix the problems to the best of their ability. But most importantly was his attack on the war on poverty. Acts, like the Economic chance Act of 1964, assisted citizens of the US through attacking the war on poverty and creating opportunities for the squirtren of the future. Minorities, like African Americans, had trouble gaining political power. Primarily, blacks were fighting for their testimonial to vote and an increase in their influence in politics. For instance, some African Americans got together and created freedom organizations known as the Black Panther comp anionship in order to represent their strength and dignity of their culture (doc. C).They didnt have any legitimate successes in their fight for their political rights. Johnson and his administration, therefore, admitted the twenty-fourth amendment. This prohibited the poll tax which was a discriminatory tax that was needful in order to exercise the ability to vote. similarly, the Voting Rights Act was passed in 1965, which outlawed the discriminatory voting practices that were responsible for the disenfranchisement of African Americans in the US. These laws and his support for blacks rights were strongly powerful and beneficial to the United States. LBJs (Lyndon B.Johnsons) most influential response to the problems of the United States was in his response to the war on poverty. The programs that he passed helped the poverty problem through the economical and social aspect of it. Economically, his programs boosted gold into the economy and improved the education for citizens so that they could make more currency in their future. Socially, it improved the conditions of the urban cities as well as lessen the gap between the rich and poor by heavily service of process the poor. Specifically, he aided in with the health care concern for United States citizens (doc.A). Medicare and Medicaid were created which provided federal aid to the elderly and poor for medic al expenses. Also the Economic Opportunity Act improved and increased the number of educational programs, gave money to the youth through Job Corps, and gave volunteers to troubled communities to provide educational and social services (doc. B). The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and the manakin Cities Program also were formed during Johnsons presidency. The Model Cities Program redeveloped the urban city. This attempted to improve the conditions for the poor who lived in the city.Prior to Johnsons aid, many multitude felt sick of poor people demonstrations (doc. G). So, Johnsons main purpose was to improve the poverty problem in the US which he did prosperingly. amid 1960 and 1970, the percentage of non-whites that fell below poverty level decreased from 53. 3% to 32. 0% (doc. H). Also the percentage of whites that fell below the poverty root decreased from 18. 1% to 9. 9% during the 60s. Clearly, his programs were effective. Socially, blacks had many problems regarding their human and civil rights. They continue to fight for them throughout the 60s.Johnson supported this and passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This piece of legislation outlawed the application of unequal voter requirements and segregation in schools, work, and semipublic places. He also facilitated the March on Washington. He, as well as Governor Wallace of Alabama, federalized the Alabama National Guard, and sent an additional 2200 troops from the U. S. array to protect the marchers. His wide support for the civil rights movement was great, but hush many blacks were being discrimi nated against due to the lack of enforcement of the Civil Rights Act in specific areas.His administration had the ability to do great things, yet they plainly did good things in response to the civil rights issue. Lyndon B. Johnson and his administration, made it possible for every child of every color to grow up in a handsome house, to eat a solid breakfast, to attend a decent school, and to get a good and lasting job (doc. F). Johnson did this through his many successful programs like the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. He repaired many of the political, economic, and social problems of the US in the 60s effectively.

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

Davis Weiss The tolerant shelter and inexpensive headache Act is a home(a) statute that was signed into righteousness in America by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. It is divided into 10 titles. The bill contains provisions that exit go into effect on June 21, 2010 and family 23, 2010. Also, the additional provisions go out go into effect in 2014. designation I of H. R. 3590 give ensure attribute affordable health finagle for all Ameri push asides by eliminating discriminatory practices by health insurers such as pre-existing condition exclusions. deed I overly ex gonerds dependant policy damages coverage up to age 26, caps insurance companies non-medical expenses, and prevents unfair termination of insurance policies. human activity II expands eligibility for Medicaid to put down income persons and assumes federal responsibility for more than of the check up of this expansion. These bills fork over enhanced federal be substantiate for the Child rens Health Insurance Program, modify Medicaid and CHIP enrollment, and improve Medicaid function. backing III will streng and then the graphic symbol of healthc atomic number 18 by establishing The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) which is a value-based purchasing program for hospitals that link Medic atomic number 18 honorariumments to quality performance. Title IV puts into issue a modern interagency council to promote healthy policies and to establish a field prevention and health promotion st valuategy. Title V will assist innovations in health c be workforce training, recruitment, and retention, and will establish a spic-and-span workforce commission.Title VI creates refreshed requirements to return reading to the public on the health system and promotes a radically shake up set of requirements to combat fraud and abuse in pubic and reclusive programs. Title VII allows certain hospitals and treatment centers to receive discounted and/or generic w ine wine drugs to aid their bud evolve. Title VIII establishes a new, voluntary, self-funded long-term guardianship insurance program, the Community Living Assistance Services and Support (CLASS) Independence expediency Plan, for the purchase of community living assistance serve and supports by individuals with useable limitations.No evaluate afforder funds will be used to pay realizes chthonian this provision. Title IX levies an excise assess of 40 percent on insurance companies and plan administrators for any health coverage plan that is preceding(prenominal) the thres try for of $10,200 for individual coverage and $27,500 for family coverage. It similarly requires employers to disclose the value of the do good provided by the employer for each employees health insurance coverage on the employees annual Form W-2.And lastly, Title X requires employers that set up and choose a contribution towards employee coverage to provide free choice vouchers to restricted employee s for the purchase of subject health plans through Ex miscellaneas. The tolerant Protection and affordable disturbance Act reforms the health c be system by expanding the availableness of health insurance, regulating health insurance coverage, and restructuring health care de get laidry, including how it is salaried for. The bill would reduce the number of uninsured Ameri enkindles by 31 million, going simply 6 percent of nonelderly adults uninsured.A number of different mechanisms are used to increase coverage, including expanding Medicaid, which provides insurance to low-income parents and children at very refined constitute establishing state-based insurance exchanges with subsidies for low- and middle-income households requiring individuals to obtain coverage and mandating that most employers purport health insurance. The new act would make Medicaid available to all individuals earning less than 133 percent of the federal poverty line, or $14,500 a year ($29,500 for a family of four) while up(a) services for beneficiaries.The patient role Protection and Affordable cope Act in like manner create state-based health insurance exchanges, called Health advantage Exchanges, which are market tapers where consumers hind end shop for and purchase health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable circumspection Act include numerous reforms of the health insurance market, in some(prenominal) cases regulating this market for the first time. The Congressional calculate Office estimates that roughly 8 million such persons would remain uninsured.Additionally, the bill restricts access to spontaneous spontaneous abortion services in the Health Benefits Exchanges and, in particular, for people receiving federal subsidies. The Patient Protection and Affordable guard Act saves capital by cut back the cost of premiums that families and individuals pay to maintain their health insurance policies. It also saves specie by getting rid of waste in the medical attention by establishing a center where physicians can report waste and by supporting comparison shopping for medical equipment. In addition, the act helps abject businesses to save money by giving them the opportunity o offer health utilitys to their employees without devastating the budget of their company. The Patient Protection and Affordable misgiving Act raise revenue by imposing an annual present on the health insurance sector. Such stipends would be imposed on insurance companies that sell high cost health insurance plans. The slant is designed to gene range smarter, much cost-effective health coverage choices. The propitiation bill delays this new compensation until 2018 so that plans baffle time to utensil reform and begin to save from its efficiencies.The amount of the fee is $8. 0 gazillion in 2014, $11. 3 zillion in years 2015-2016, $13. 9 meg in 2017, and $14. 3 cardinal in 2018. According to the Congressional figure Office (CBO), the leg islation will reduce the deficit by $138 cardinal over the first decade and by $1. 2 trillion in the second decade, as compared to flow rate legislation. The CBO has recalculated its estimates several times, first projecting a savings of $132 one thousand thousand, then $118 billion, and $143 billion. It also increases the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) tax rate by 0. percentage points on an individual taxpayer earning over $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples register jointly). The revenues from this tax will be credited to the HI trust fund. The nonexempt base of the HI tax is also broadened by including net coronation income. The act would also impose a ten percent tax on amounts paying for indoor tanning services. The tax is effective for services on or after July 1, 2010. Reduces the deficit in the next ten years and beyond. The bill is fully paid for with revenue provisions that management on paying for reform within the health care system.The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act1. Determine how this Federal impartiality will chance upon market-goaded and non-market driven decisions. This federal will affect the trade aspect of the health care industry regardless if they are driven or not. If the companies are driven and market correctly then they will be able to attract people that are willing to pay for the services they provide. This will cause for private health insurance providers to change the way they provide services. The new merchandise strategies will show how they are providing better care for those who make up pre-existing conditions.This law will affect how the private health insurance sector markets the different types of services they provide. The companies will have to go back and look at how they are marketing their services to get the clients they want to attract. If they are market driven then they will market things that are more appealing to the clientele they presently serve or want to be serving, this coul d involve free health screening, more bang for their bucks, and the opportunity to netherstand all that the company offers to its insured. slightly will be more ambitious to provide new marketing ideas to keep period clients and attract new ones while others might despise change and move slower towards new ideas. This will cause them to any loose latest clients and not attract new ones. 2. decipher the constituent at which you would prepare a strategic plan to include this new law in your marketing decisions, knowing this new law whitethorn or may not take effect. I would pore more on the issue of providing current policy holders that currently have pre-existing conditions with better options to health care.I would try to incorporate lower premiums or not charge them as much as competing insurance companies do. I would advertise free screening to all my customers and guarantee coverage. I would tantalize down with each of my potential policy holders and explain to them the ins and outs of what we offer and what would benefit them. I would want them to feel cared around and not just another(prenominal) policy number. They would feel comfortable coming to us with questions or concerns they may have about their policy.I would provide an around the clock support line just in case they came across a location where they needed guidance. Also something that would be extremely important would be to have a website where all the needed forms can be accessed and they would also have access to their account culture online. My marketing strategy would emphasize on family and hospitality, since thats whats most important to people. 3. Discuss how each of the flipper (5) environmental forces will be affected by the new law, which you swear will be the most affected and why. -Jockeying for position among current competitors.This is the assertive competition between current firms or companies, the fact that these insurance companies will spend so much on having the better marketing strategy will cause the return compensation to be low. This is because they spend so much money on marketing and competing with its opponents. -Threat of new entrants. Since the new law applies to everyone that means everyone will most presumable have to start from chance upon or updater their antics. If its easy for new comers to come along and get their program up and running, the competitions between the difference companies will only develop fiercer.Some barriers of entries for the new comers are if existing customers can trust their current companies, or if there are elevated fixed rates or not replete access to resources. -Bargaining power of customers. If the consumers can plead enough force to affect how many boundaries and capacity they can create, then they hold an incredible amount of power. Reasons why the consumers can have so much power is if they buy large amounts of the products being sold, if the company doesnt have very many clients, or if they have the opportunity to change companies conglomerateible to products eing so easy to come about. -Threat of substitute products or services. Depending on whether or not the cost of changing up providers is low and more economical will determine if substituting is necessary. If the insurance companies are marketing the equivalent products and services that one is already using depending on which more is appealing to the purchaser will determine who gets the service. -Bargaining power of suppliers. If these insurance companies can produce enough force to affect how many boundaries and capacity the companies can create, then they hold an incredible amount of power.Reasons why the companies can have so much power is if there are limited or no alternates, not many companies with products of interest, or they have something of extreme interest to the buyers and they cant go without it. I think the rivalry between the current firms will be affected the most, because they will be so confined up in their marketing strategy and trying to be the best that they wont really notice how much money they are spending on the project.Once it starts to show that they are actually losing more money than they are making then it will be too late and another company would have come in and stolen the pie. 4. Describe one (1) new target audience and include the characteristics of their demographic and psychographic profiles. The new target audiences the insurance companies are focused on are lower middle income families instead of higher income families. They base this on income brackets, which neighborhoods theses potential clients live in blue collar workers versus white collar workers.Some companies only serve them through current employment under business aspects. other target audience is expecting women the insurance companies are looking to insure the youngster as soon as its born. This way they can collect premiums on the infants from the start of their lives, wh ile insurance policies for them are extremely high. They also allow young people to be insured who are likely to die soon due to illnesses in their families and based on current health conditions. This way they can assemble the premiums and not have to pay out so much money in the process.The Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActDavis Weiss The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a federal statute that was signed into law in America by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. It is divided into 10 titles. The bill contains provisions that will go into effect on June 21, 2010 and kinfolk 23, 2010. Also, the additional provisions will go into effect in 2014. Title I of H. R. 3590 will ensure quality affordable health care for all Americans by eliminating discriminatory practices by health insurers such as pre-existing condition exclusions.Title I also extends dependant coverage up to age 26, caps insurance companies non-medical expenses, and prevents unfair terminatio n of insurance policies. Title II expands eligibility for Medicaid to lower income persons and assumes federal responsibility for much of the cost of this expansion. These bills provide enhanced federal support for the Childrens Health Insurance Program, simplify Medicaid and CHIP enrollment, and improve Medicaid services.Title III will strengthen the quality of healthcare by establishing The Physician Quality Reporting Initiative (PQRI) which is a value-based purchasing program for hospitals that link Medicare payments to quality performance. Title IV puts into place a new interagency council to promote healthy policies and to establish a national prevention and health promotion strategy. Title V will further innovations in health care workforce training, recruitment, and retention, and will establish a new workforce commission.Title VI creates new requirements to provide information to the public on the health system and promotes a newly brisk set of requirements to combat fraud and abuse in pubic and private programs. Title VII allows certain hospitals and treatment centers to receive discounted and/or generic drugs to aid their budget. Title VIII establishes a new, voluntary, self-funded long-term care insurance program, the Community Living Assistance Services and Support (CLASS) Independence Benefit Plan, for the purchase of community living assistance services and supports by individuals with operational limitations.No taxpayer funds will be used to pay benefits under this provision. Title IX levies an excise tax of 40 percent on insurance companies and plan administrators for any health coverage plan that is preceding(prenominal) the threshold of $10,200 for individual coverage and $27,500 for family coverage. It also requires employers to disclose the value of the benefit provided by the employer for each employees health insurance coverage on the employees annual Form W-2.And lastly, Title X requires employers that offer and make a contribution t owards employee coverage to provide free choice vouchers to qualified employees for the purchase of qualified health plans through Exchanges. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act reforms the health care system by expanding the availability of health insurance, regulating health insurance coverage, and restructuring health care delivery, including how it is paid for. The bill would reduce the number of uninsured Americans by 31 million, loss only 6 percent of nonelderly adults uninsured.A number of different mechanisms are used to increase coverage, including expanding Medicaid, which provides insurance to low-income parents and children at very small cost establishing state-based insurance exchanges with subsidies for low- and middle-income households requiring individuals to obtain coverage and mandating that most employers offer health insurance. The new act would make Medicaid available to all individuals earning less than 133 percent of the federal poverty line, or $1 4,500 a year ($29,500 for a family of four) while improving services for beneficiaries.The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act also create state-based health insurance exchanges, called Health Benefit Exchanges, which are marketplaces where consumers can shop for and purchase health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act include numerous reforms of the health insurance market, in many cases regulating this market for the first time. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that about 8 million such persons would remain uninsured.Additionally, the bill restricts access to abortion services in the Health Benefits Exchanges and, in particular, for people receiving federal subsidies. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act saves money by reducing the cost of premiums that families and individuals pay to maintain their health insurance policies. It also saves money by getting rid of waste in the medical industry by establishing a center where physicians can report waste and by supporting comparison shopping for medical equipment. In addition, the act helps small businesses to save money by giving them the opportunity o offer health benefits to their employees without devastating the budget of their company. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act raise revenue by imposing an annual fee on the health insurance sector. Such fees would be imposed on insurance companies that sell high cost health insurance plans. The fee is designed to generate smarter, more cost-effective health coverage choices. The propitiation bill delays this new fee until 2018 so that plans have time to go for reform and begin to save from its efficiencies.The amount of the fee is $8. 0 billion in 2014, $11. 3 billion in years 2015-2016, $13. 9 billion in 2017, and $14. 3 billion in 2018. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the legislation will reduce the deficit by $138 billion over the first decade and by $1. 2 trillion in the second d ecade, as compared to current legislation. The CBO has recalculated its estimates several times, first projecting a savings of $132 billion, then $118 billion, and $143 billion. It also increases the Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI) tax rate by 0. percentage points on an individual taxpayer earning over $200,000 ($250,000 for married couples file jointly). The revenues from this tax will be credited to the HI trust fund. The rateable base of the HI tax is also broadened by including net investing income. The act would also impose a ten percent tax on amounts paid for indoor tanning services. The tax is effective for services on or after July 1, 2010. Reduces the deficit in the next ten years and beyond. The bill is fully paid for with revenue provisions that focus on paying for reform within the health care system.

Scm 3301

SCM 3301 Spring 2013 Exam 1 Study Review The exam will cover chapters 1-4 from the textbook. Format 34 multiple choice questions of approximately equal weightage from each of the four chapters. Resources to strike * Lecture Notes ( If you have missed a class, please obtain the notes from a classmate) * The textbook * Closely designate the sections covered in the lectures * Closely read the material related to the main ideas listed below Main Ideas Chapter One give away a supply chain and define supply chain guidance. * show the objectives and elements of supply chain management. * Describe a brief history and well-nigh of the trends of supply chain management. * experience the range of supply chain management activities common to both services and manufacturing * BUY Supply * MAKE trading operations * SHIP Logistics * Coordination Integration * perceive the current trends in Supply scope Management Chapter Two control the role of supply management and its strategic imp act on an organizations competitive advantage * Understand the profit leverage of effective buying * Have a primary knowledge of the manual purchasing process, e-procurement, small value procurement * Understand strategic nature of the make or buy decision * Understand sourcing decisions and the factors impacting supplier selection * Describe the various considerations in assessing the Total speak to of Ownership * Understand how a supplier portfolio is managed Describe the opportunities and challenges of global sourcing Chapter terce * Explain the grandness of supplier partnerships * Understand the key factors for developing lucky partnerships * Understand the principles behind the Weighted Criteria Evaluation System * Understand the map and creation of a supplier certification program * Explain the importance of a supplier light program * Understand the capabilities of Supplier family Management Chapter Four Define and appreciate the trends in honest and sustainable sourci ng * Define and describe the terms fair trade products green purchasing social sustainability * Describe how ethical and sustainable sourcing strategies are developed and employ * Understand how Supply Base Rationalization can help make better a companys ethical and sustainable sourcing * Understand shipway that supplier partnerships can help a companys ethical and sustainable goals * Understand the use of environmental supplier certification and recognition programs

Analysis of Conan Doyle’s work Essay

English coursework A comparative essay on 2 Sherlock Holmes stories The world has chosen to remember Sir Arthur Conan Doyle chiefly for his creation of the put on master detective, Sherlock Holmes. This prestigious character has been hugely popular for everywhere one hundred years shown in many different ways, whether it be books, television series, magazine articles, and so on. Conan Doyle himself was born in Edinburgh, rather than the capital of the United Kingdom clipting that Sherlock Holmes lives and works. He actu completelyy set out to be an oculist, however when no patients came he had plenty of prison term to write his stories. well-nigh the same time, The Strand magazine was first published, and Sherlock Holmes was printed for the first time in its pages. His stories were not long enough to be books of their own, and thrived as a regular part of their magazine.The Sherlock Holmes stories are written in a very upper class setting. Watson and Holmes take cabs eve rywhere, and have very advanced class mannerisms and habits, such as leaving a calling flyer if the person they have dress downed is not there. And Holmes himself carries round a cane with him a rather posh acquirement thought to be that of a gentleman. They in addition have a resident in the home to look after them both, and take care of the household, which could of course only be afforded by those of the higher(prenominal)(prenominal) class. The fact that these stories were written in such a way is slow explained. The stories were written for the magazine, The Strand. In those times, very little people enounce magazines, and could afford to subscribe. Most people read newspapers, but these magazines were aimed at the higher class, and particularly for the gentleman, because a very small number of women were expected to be able to read, and so they did not benefit from such a publication.The dashed peal and, The Red-Headed League are both very interesting stories. The structures of both are much the same, but that accounts for all of Conan Doyles creations in accordance of rights to the Sherlock Holmes stories. In accordance to this structure, The Speckled Band begins with a visit to the house from well-nighone needing Holmess help.An element included right at the beginning of the fable is the deduction Holmes makes of Helen. This is extremely natural of Conan Doyle as it is a feature he nearly always adds as each of his stories unfold. In The Speckled Band Holmes instantly deduces that she travelled early by click cart on heavy roads to the station before traveling by train to London. The next lines describe Helen giving a ruddy start and staring at Holmes in bewilderment.This is also underlyingly very typical of Conan Doyle to include such a description, as it what he includes in all of his stories at this point. In direct comparison, The Red Headed League features a sprightly deduction of Jabez Wilson in which he concludes that th e man done at some point manual labour, takes snuff, has a freemason, has been in China, and has done a immense amount of writing recently.The line directly following on from that is set out exactly the same as in The Speckled Band and describes Jabez to Start up in his chair, with his forefinger upon the paper, but his eyes upon Holmes So we can conclude from this that this is an element Conan Doyle likes to include in his stories which also fittingly gives a first time reader an idea of the way Holmess mind works. Following on from that, a long monologue is hear which tells every detail of the story. This is unusual in stories written now. We can telephone line that in real life no one tells a story in such detail, uninterrupted, and this reflects tracts of today. But it is actually very typical of belles-lettres at the time.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Essay

Abstract tender mien derriere be explained by a variety of biological, psycho affable, and environsal factors interacting on a soulfulness everyplace time. The value, beliefs, and designs that situate the doingss superstar engages in ar clear by with(predicate) cognitive buttes unique to each single as a result of the interplay amidst previous learn and the aforementioned factors. When considered together, the baffle of Human telephone line and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy give an explanation for this as original(a) of world appearance. These frames of reference atomic number 18 re dateed in regards to their conceptions of way of life, dysfunction, interference come up, and their relevance to vocational therapy.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and the Model of Human OccupationMan is an open dodging that can pitch and develop through interaction with the environment. Behavior is an expression of psychosocial, biological, and environmental factors interact ing within the agreement. Biological factors may predispose someone to a certain disease or dysfunction which may be expressed in the presence of stress. Factors much(prenominal) as family expression, work environment, and culture can tot to positive or negatively charged experiences from which an single(a) learns. There is an indispensable disgust within gentlemans gentlemans for self-efficacy the ultimate goal is to master ones environment. A somebodys values, beliefs, and goals determine the doingss one engages in to reach out the ultimate goal of environmental domination.These values, beliefs, and goals atomic number 18 developed through cognitive processes unique to each individual and are a result of the interplay amidst previous learning and psychosocial, biological, and environmental factors throughout life. Because each persons cognitive processes are unique, experiences are subjectively interpreted in variant ways. People react in context with their desi re for environmental mastery and their individualised beliefs and values learned throughout life. When considered together, the Model of Human Occupation and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy frame of reference give an explanation of conduct that includes psychosocial, biological and environmental factors while maintaining the importance of acquaintance. The routine of this paper is to review how Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and the Model of Human Occupation explain behavior, dysfunction, treatment approach, and their relevance to callingal therapy.TheoryKielhofner and burkes Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) (1980) believes that mans have an innate drive for exploration and mastery of their respective environments. Man interacts with the environment though booking in work. Occupations are the means through which an individual pursues their goals. inside this model, occupations are defined as complex, organized classs of goal-oriented behaviors (Bruce & type Aere Borg, 1993). Ones chosen actions and occupations are a meaningful chew overion of personal beliefs and goals for environmental mastery. Mastery is the extent to which an individual perceives the result of their behavior as powerful, efficient, and congenial (Stein & Cutler, 1998).MOHO postulates an open organisations theory in regards to human behavior. An open system is an organized complex of subsystems that are in dynamic interaction. The system is, in turn, in dynamic interaction with its environment. All parts are keep and trans multifariousnessed through this dynamic interaction (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980, p. 573). The open system interacts with the environment through a process of input, throughput, output, and feedback. Input is information from the environment throughput is the processing of input by the infixed cognitive structures of a human output is the mental, physical, and social aspects of behavior and feedback is information from the environment about the consequences of a behavior (1980).The open system can be divided into a hierarchical arrangement of three subsystems that are answerable for behavior. The highest level boldness over behavior is pass oning. This is the underlying, energizing component privy behavior responsible for which one go away be chosen and initiated. Volition is determined by ones innate drive to master his/her environment, as tumefy as his/her beliefs surrounding a behavior (Bruce & Borg, 1993). Personal author, values, and interests carry volition. Personal causation is the motivation and expectations surrounding a behavior. It incorporates past successes and failures to form images of self-efficacy. Values represent the importance of certain behaviors to an individual. Interests are determined by the pleasure one derives from engaging in a specific occupation (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980).Volition is believed to govern over the lower subsystems of the hierarchy (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980). The middl e subsystem is defined as colony. Habituation is responsible for organizing behavior into routines, patterns, and routines. Roles reflect a group of behaviors with which an individual may have certain expectations of completeance. The individuals beliefs and society influence these expectations. Roles contribute to self-identity and influence behavior. This organization allows for certain behaviors to be performed automatically and adapted to various environments. Performance, the lowest subsystem within the hierarchy, consists of the skills leadment for producing behavior. These include perceptual-motor processing skills, cognition, and communication. The function of the doing subsystem is to produce behaviors called upon by volition and addiction, which are located higher in the hierarchy of the human system (Bruce & Borg, 1993).MOHOs governing subsystem, volition, can be compared to the concept of cognition described by the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy frame of referenc e. Through this comparison, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) provides an explanation for the acquisition and structure of willing system. The major theorists under CBT believe that cognitive structures such as beliefs, thinking styles, problem- understand styles, and coping styles as intumesce as the environment are the determinants of behavior (Johnston, 1987). The to a higher place structures are represented by a schema, which is developed through reactions to social, environmental, and genetic influences over time. A schema is defined as the global cognitive processes associated with past experience (Bootzin, 1988). Schema can be influenced by positive and negative experiences, such as culture, family structure, and social graphic symbols. a nonher(prenominal) assumption of CBT is that people are capable of guiding the course of their lives via their thoughts. Ellis, as cited in Barris, Kielhofner, and Watts(1988), believes that humans are responsible for their emotions and behavior, as having the potential to create personal meaning, and as behaving in ways influenced by thought processes kinda than determined by unconscious forces (p. 92). The concept of personal responsibility for behavior is likewise incorporated into MOHO through the volitional system. This subsystem is responsible for choices regarding behavior. check to CBT theorists, the cognitive events responsible for behavior are learned. Albert Banduras theory of social learning explains how learning impacts cognition and behavior. Learning is larnn as an outcome of the interaction mingled with behavior, person, and environment. People choose behaviors based on expectancy, or what they anticipate will happen if a behavior is performed. Therefore, individuals are much likely to perform a specific behavior if they believe the results will lead to something they sine qua non (Bruce & Borg, 1993). Personal causation, a component of volition, is responsible for expectancy and cogitate Banduras theory to MOHO. Reinforcement influences whether behaviors are performed. These can be external, secondary or self-produced. External reinforcement comes from the environment in many forms, including social praise/acceptance, rewards, privileges or penalties.Vicarious reinforcement is the individuals values and previously learned images of success or failure associated with a limited behavior. Self-produced reinforcement involves the interpretation of a behavior as substantial or unsatisfying. Personal satisfaction is seen as the best reinforcement for behavior (1993). Thus, behavior is driven by the goal of self-efficacy, an idea shared by MOHO. This feeling of satisfaction afterward occupational movement develops into a backbone of effectiveness. Satisfaction alters CBTs cognition and MOHOs volitional subsystem, making it more(prenominal) likely for a behavior to occur again. Bandura explains that personal experience, modeling, and noticeal learning are ways beha viors are acquired.Cognition plays a major section in the selection of behaviors because people will repeat behaviors they believe will have positive outcomes (Cole, 1998). Cognitive appraisal is the internal processing, which occurs between the input signal and response. Behaviors are elicited after this cognitive appraisal occurs. Ones beliefs and values are derived from the cognitive appraisal of events over time (Bootzin, 1988). The process of cognitive appraisal is synonomous with MOHOs concept of throughput, a process that also elicits behaviors. Some behaviors performed daily over time do not require extensive cognitive appraisal. Aaron Beck describes these behaviors as automatic thoughts (Bruce & Borg, 1993). People do not recognize the problem-solving and internal cognition associated with these automatic thoughts. Automatic thoughts are closely related to the habituation subsystem in MOHO.Behavior Change in spite of appearance the human system, each subsystem and the environment are interdependent. A disturbance in work in one of the subsystems will affect all the subsystems requiring the person to adapt to the resultant wobbles. The system castrates throughout a lifetime to act to the changing demands and expectations of the environment (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980). Restructuring or restoration of any of the internal subsystems as well as the environment can mediate behavior change. The process of feedback informs the system of the consequences of behavior. During feedback, actual performance is compared to the expected outcome, which helps the system aline its performance and restructure the internal hierarchy. Feedback also shapes self-images created by the personal causation component (1980). Treatment can target behavior change today at the volitional level by changing the cognitive structures associated with personal causation, values, and interests thereby affecting the lower levels of the system. Other levels may be impacted through environmental modification or increasing occupational performance by strengthening performance components or improving habits. Improving performance will alter ones perception of the effectiveness of a behavior, thereby changing volition (Bruce & Borg, 1993).In the healthy, well functioning individual, the volitional level governs behavior. Comparisons could be made between MOHO and CBT over the role volition and cognition play in the acquisition and determination of behavior. CBTs central tenet states that behavior change occurs only when the beliefs surrounding the behavior are altered. Similarly, MOHOs construct of personal causation represents the beliefs surrounding a behavior. Cognition allows man to regulate his behavior. Behaviors are determined by ones expectations of the outcome and efficacy of a behavior, therefore the thoughts behind expectations must(prenominal) change for behavior to change. Accorduroying to Bandura, self-produced reinforcement is the almost effective way to change expectancy. This requires observational learning or participation in an activity, in which the consequences of behavior are perceived to be successful, thus changing ones expectations about the effectiveness of that behavior. Other CBT theorists, such as Beck and Ellis believe people can be taught to view the world in a more accurate way, which alters behavior. This approach targets changes in behavior through the alteration of monstrous thinking patterns. This involves military rank of the validity of thoughts readiness of new, more rational thoughts and reading of the new thinking styles (Bruce & Borg, 1993).DepressionAccording to MOHO, when considering a dysfunction such as embossment, the individual must be viewed holistically to determine where in the open system a breakdown has occurred. Because the subsystems are interdependent, the depressed feelings may be caused by a disturbance in any of the subsystems or the environment. This distu rbance will subsequently affect engagement in occupation. Disruptions of occupational performance due to biological dysfunction, harsh environmental circumstances, or a negative schema are attainable explanations for low gear according to this frame of reference. Unrealistic expectations or im labyrinthine sense of roles within the habituation system may also lead to dysfunction (Kielhofner & Burke, 1980). The factors mentioned above lead to disturbance in occupational behavior causing the feelings of depression and incompetence. For example, a physical disability may alter a customers performance of important occupations, thereby affecting their expectations, beliefs, habits, and roles surrounding the behavior. If the node perceives the performance as negative, motivation regarding the behavior will decrease, interests will change and a negative self-image may occur within the volitional system.An discriminating approach to treatment is required due to the many factors infl uencing behavior (Miller, et al, 1988). It may be stamp down to concentrate on negative beliefs within the volitional system, or on a lower subsystem that is disrupted, causing the negative feelings to occur. environmental modification or improvement in the performance or habituation subsystems may help bring forth changes in volition by improving expectancy. It is necessary to consider occupational performance because engagement in occupation is meaningful to the individual and the means through which one pursues his/her goals. occupational analysis, an evaluation technique, identifies where the disturbance in an occupation occurs. The steps include observation of the environment, evaluation of how an occupation can promote a sense of purpose and identify ones values and interests, anticipation of how occupation contributes to goal fulfillment, consideration for the performance skills required to engage in the occupation, and evaluation of the balance of work, play and daily livin g tasks (Bruce & Borg, 1993).The application of CBT to treatment for a depressed individual may help restructure volition. According to CBT theorists, faulty, reasonless thinking and inaccurate self-perception cause dysfunction. It is assumed that people can run across their cognition therefore, self-regulation of behavior, thoughts, and feelings through the use of logic and deductive reasoning is possible (Cole, 1998). Consequently, it would be necessary to aim treatment of a depressed individual at cognitive restructuring. Beck hypothesizes that dysfunction is caused by automatic thoughts, which reflect usual errors in thinking (Cole, 1998, p. 131). Depression is thought to be the result of the cognitive triad self-devaluation, negative view of life experiences and a pessimistic view of the future (Bootzin, 1988). The rationale of Becks cognitive therapy is that behavior change comes from cognitive change.Therapy focuses on alteration of negative schema including identificat ion of negative thoughts, evaluation of their validity, formulation of more realistic, positive responses and modification of the dysfunctional attitudes that underlie the negative thoughts. The Socratic method is utilized to allow the individual to discover the irrational beliefs for themselves (Bruce and Borg, 1993). Specific techniques include development of assertive beliefs, identification of personal rights, thought-stopping, role reversal, and symbolic modeling. By improving ones performance and thoughts behind behavior, self-produced reinforcement can occur, thus changing beliefs about that behavior (1993).In a longitudinal study of newly injured persons with spinal anesthesia cord injury (Craig, Hancock, Dickson, & Chang, 1997), levels of depression were compared between groups receiving CBT services in addition to traditional rehabilitation services to those who received no CBT during hospitalization. A psychologist and occupational therapist provided CBT to small groups over a ten-week period. Topics addressed during CBT include anxiety, depression, self-esteem, assertion, sexuality, and family relations. The therapists utilized cognitive restructuring techniques, relaxation, deep-breathing exercises, and visualization. From the follow-up measures of the patients one year post-treatment, the researchers found that the treatment group had greater levels of improvement in depression scores over time in comparison to the controls. It was also found that those with the highest levels of depression earlier treatment were significantly less depressed one year after treatment. The authors concluded that while not every person with spinal cord injury needs CBT, those with high levels of depression may benefit the most from CBT.Application to Occupational TherapyAccording to MOHO, a person interacts with the environment through engagement in occupation. MOHO and the professions of occupational therapy believe that engagement in occupation mediates c hange in capacities, beliefs, and occupational roles (Stein & Cutler, 1998). Assessment should include the subsystems, the feedback loop, organization of occupations in life, and the environment. Thorough assessment will assist the OT in develop a enter of occupational function and dysfunction as well as treatment goals (Miller, et al., 1988). MOHO provides a framework for an occupational therapist to invent an explanation for occupational function and dysfunction. The OT should apply whichever theories, modalities, and facilitative activities that best satiate the treatment goals of the individual, however goals should reflect the  lymph nodes values.A expression study by Pizzi (1990) examined the clinical application of MOHO to treatment of an adult with AIDS. The physical, psychosocial, and environmental dysfunctions encountered by persons with HIV and AIDS affect all aspects of a persons occupational functioning. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of the subsystem s within the human system as well as the environment was required. This assessment allowed for the formulation of a treatment plan that met the complex needs of the client with AIDS. This sequel study shows how MOHO acts as a framework for a therapist to picture a client holistically when determining function and dysfunction, but does not needs prescribe a specific treatment technique.CBT fills the gaps left by MOHO in outlining specific treatment approaches in regards to disturbances in cognition. Mahoney, as cited in Barris, Kielhofner, and Watts (1998), states that when by-line the CBT frame of reference, the resultant task of the therapist is that of a diagnostician-educator who assesses maladaptive cognitive processes and subsequently arranges learning experiences that will alter cognitions and the behavior and affect patterns with which they have-to doe with (p. 90). An occupational therapist coming from CBT frame of reference should evaluate person-environment match self -image, goals, and self-acceptance the clients view of the environment learning style and appropriate reinforcements and environmental expectations and demands to help in the development of treatment goals (Cole, 1998). The goals set in treatment can serve as guidelines for clients to monitor their self-regulation and measure march on (1998). CBT relates to the practice of occupational therapy in that cognitive behavioral skills may not be the traditional skills associated with occupational therapy, but they involve basic interpersonal skills, problem-solving skills, and self-management skills. As such, they are often prerequisites to the ability to perform effectively in the roles of player, student or worker (Johnston, 1987).Johnston outlined how an occupational therapist faculty use a CBT approach. Acting as an educator/facilitator, the OT would target skills such as problem solving, communication, and assertiveness. Techniques for treatment include the breakdown of ski lls into simpler steps, client trial of thoughts and assumptions regarding the skills, teaching of new skills, and practice of the skills (1987).Social learning theory provides a treatment model for occupational therapy. Banduras philosophy agrees with the logic of occupational therapy, doing facilitates change (Bruce & Borg, 1993, p. 211). According to Bandura, reinforcement is what motivates learning. OTs must determine the level of reinforcement and motivation required by each client for effective learning to occur (Cole, 1998). Engagement in activities allows clients to change thoughts of themselves from incompetent to capable. By grading these activities, mastery of simple tasks occurs before difficult tasks are flaked. This grading allows the client to develop feelings of competence. These feelings of competence are self-reinforcing, which is in musical harmony with thehighest level of reinforcement identified by Bandura (1998).Yakobina, Yakobina, and Tallant (1997) disc ussed how an occupational therapist office apply the CBT frame of reference to the treatment process of women with dysthymic disorder. The OT would act as an educator and emphasize the therapeutic use of pleasurable activities during treatment. The therapist would attempt to change negative thought patterns and facilitate the development of problem solving skills necessary to cope with daily activities by engaging in role-playing, group discussions, and homework assignments. In addition to traditional CBT techniques, engagement in occupation would allow the depressed person to test the validity of her negative assumptions. terminationAs reviewed in this paper, the MOHO and CBT frames of reference both view behavior as the result of the interaction between a person and their environment. The complex interplay between biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors influences the way people view themselves and the world. Those cognitive processes determine what behaviors a pe rson will engage in, as well as how the consequences are interpreted. Lazarus, as cited in Johnston (1987), explains the interaction between cognition and the environment, the way a person moves or behaves can be adversely influenced by emotions, sensations, and the way people behave toward them. Conversely, if a person changes some aspect of his behavior, this change will alter his cognitions, emotions, sensations, and self-image (p. 73).Together, MOHO and CBT provide a way to understand behavior and how change occurs. MOHO acts as a framework for understanding the interdependent disposition of humans and their environment. CBT provides an explanation for the cognitive processes seen by both frames as the ascendent structures over behavior, as well as several treatment approaches to stick change in behavior. Applying the two frames of reference when formulating a treatment approach allows the therapist to individualize treatment while considering the multi-faceted nature of huma ns. Additionally, both frames see the engagement in occupation as an important mediator of change in the treatment process.ReferencesBarris, R., Kielhofner, G., & Watts, J. H. (1988). Cognitive approaches to therapy. In G. Kielhofner (Ed.), Bodies of knowledge in psychosocial practice (pp. 89-100). Thorofare, NJ Slack.Bootzin, R. R., & Acocella, J. R. (1988). Abnormal psychology Current perspectives (5thed.). bare-ass York Random House.Bruce, M. A. & Borg, B. (1993). Psychosocial occupational therapy Frames of reference for intervention. Thorofare, NJ Slack.Craig, A. R., Hancock, K., Dickson, H., & Chang, E. (1997). semipermanent psychologicaloutcomes in spinal cord injured person Results of a controlled trial using cognitive behavior therapy. Archives of Physical euphony and Rehabilitation, 78, 33-38.Cole, M. B. (1998). Group dynamics in occupational therapy The theoretical basis andpractice application of group treatment (2nd ed.). Thorofare, NJ Slack.Johnston, M. T. (1987). Occupational therapists and the teaching of cognitive-behavioral skills.American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 7 (3), 69-81.Miller, R. J., Sieg, K. W., Ludwig, F. M., Shortridge, S. D., & Van Deusen, J. (1988). GaryKielhofner. In cardinal perspectives on theory for the practice of occupational therapy (pp. 169-204). Gaithersburg, MD Aspen Publishers.Pizzi, M. (1990). The model of human occupation and adults with HIV infection and AIDS.American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 44, 257-263.Stein, F. & Culter, S. K. (1998). Theoretical models underlying the clinical practice ofpsychosocial occupational therapy. In Psychosocial occupational therapy A holistic approach. San Diego, CA Singular Publishing Group.Yakobina, S., Yakobina, S. & Tallant, B. K. (1997). I came, I thought, I conquered cognitivebehavior approach applied in occupational therapy for the treatment of depressed females. Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 13 (4), 59-73.

Is Google Making Us Stupid – Reading Response

According to Carrs article, I noticed that the profits has obviously influenced humans spirit at a timeadays. Now, we prefer to obtain information easily and quickly without any intention of understanding it first. We are likely will not try to represent the information thoroughly anymore beca white plague the Internet has served all information instantaneously. I besides noticed about what Carr said about the Internet changed the manner we entail beca utilise unconsciously the Internet serves us all answers swiftly. This convenience ex binglerates us easily losing our focus on needing a long article.People now tend to skim rather than to read and understand the whole article, which kernel it is the beginning of the Internets bad effect. It made me think that Internet has become something crucial in our life that maybe we wadnot live without its being because of our addiction of it. Also, it made me think that the Internet could affect our judgement, and maybe it could r eprogram our brain. Personally, I use Internet very often, and after I read Carrs article, I arrive at that Internet has got into me.I employ to find information finished books or newspaper but now I barely tally those things anymore because why do I have to bother myself to read a long article instead I can use the Internet which give me all information that I need. Other than that, it is onerous to focus on reading a book because it forces us to think deeper. According to Cascio, that kind of abnormality called continuous partial attention-deficit disorder. It substance that it is hard for someone to engage in deep or in other word to think deeply about anything. This disorder authentically explains what Carrs thought that Internet could mitigate our concentration.As Carr wrote in his article, The Internet, an immeasurably sizable computing system, is subsuming most of our other intellectual technologies. Its becoming our map and our clock, our mental picture press and ou r typewriter, our calculator and our telephone, and our radio and TV made me think and realize that Internet really is our life right now. It tick offms that we can find, watch, hear, calculate, and even make anything through the Internet. However, it makes me shiver because it turns out that Internet really overwhelm our life, and at some point it can control our life.Hypothetically, when Internet overcomes our life, we start to see it as something that we cannot live without. As a result, people will use Internet all the time without even realize that it has become something that they can let go. I really like when Cascio wrote, And then theres the wonder of stability Would you want a chip in your compass point made by the same folks that made your cell phone, or your PC? because it made me envision that some point, there is going to be a time when our brain are liken to the technologies.It means that one day we are no different with robots that human measured base on the mos t recent and most sophisticated machine. It also reminded us that it is true that we need technologies, but on the other hand it is also important for us as human that we also value our cleverness by using our brains more than we use technology. Eventually, there is a question occurs in my head, what if we are no longer can use our brain to think and do small things by ourselves because we already get used to use technology? What will the world be if that happens?

Child Development Theories

Child Develop manpowert Theories A Comparison of Theories Freud, Adler, and Jung The interest paper will obtain information based upon threesome authoritative men Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung. solely three with their own theories of being and mental health will be explored. In addition to the basic theories of all three men, a comparison will be conducted based on severally mortal theory. Sigmund Freud was a man that believed in the unconscious mind and internal impulses.Alfred Adler was a man that believed in the individuals ability to be psycho analyzed as tumesce as social relationships among people. Carl Jung was a man that believed in the individuals past fucks as strong as the individuals religious beliefs. Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler these three figures loom heavy(p) in the history of modern psychology, casting long shadows that beat, in the scat of champion century, forever changed the representation we role the first-person pron oun, I. Among these giants, Freud is indisputably the most towering monolith.It was Freuds pioneering use of the term the I (das Ich in his native German, which was then translated into the Latin ego) that brought ego into common parlance and popular interest to the bear on of self-consciousness. (Nystul, M. S. 2005) (Enlightenment Magazine 2008) Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychoanalysis and he in addition believed that godliness was of world-wide importance. Sigmund Freud felt that sexual impulses ar the main motivation for men. He as well felt that any mental activity was due to the unconscious mind.Alfred Adler was well known for his belief in individual psychology. He believed that motivational trance was due to social behavior and upbringing. This is not an uncommon belief today. The author of this paper happens to believe that it is our make out that makes us who we are. A child that grows up in a rich, non-threatening home is far more likely to have a better a dult hood than that of a child that grows up in a poor, wide-eyed of abuse ridden home. Not saying that individual that grows up poor and abused can make it because they could.Anyone can be anything they want if they put their mind to it. It is barely that there would be a better chance of success than that of the opposite upbringing. All three men had their own interpretation. Adler believed in individual psychology. His belief that the human being should be viewed as a whole was a big find. He as well as believed that human beings accomplish goals because they want to not because anything is forcing them or helping them along. Adler also believed that only we have control over how our lives turn out and what we do with them.All three men were also professional about what they did and how they perceived one another. Each respecting each other, while understanding that their each individual way may not be the exact way everyone is going to view their concepts. Individual Psycho logy breaks through the theory of determinism, he writes. No experience is a cause of success or failure. We do not get down from the shock of our experiencesthe so-callight-emitting diode traumabut we make out of them just what suits our purposes. We are self-determined by the intend we give to our experiences. Adlers emphasis on the single of the person and the fact that our values inevitably shape our experience led to his conviction that, in the end, there is only one true meaning to human life story care and love for our fellowmen. (Nystul, M. S. 2005) (Enlightenment Magazine 2008) Carl Jung didnt consider that the individual past of a person was of any importance. He believed that religious belief was the main basis for any and all aspects of a human beings life. All three men were captivated by one another and their individual thoughts on the matter at hand. pietism was a big deal to Carl Jung and it is the experience of the author of this paper that religion is of imp ortance to so many today. Religion is of values and beliefs that most everyone has whether they are Christian, Catholic, Buddhist, or any other religion that exists. Tradition shows that most religions have a set of beliefs and values that are followed by each member of that religion. Meeting every week on a certain day- Christians on Wednesdays and Sundays. It is following the values and beliefs provided by the church service that Carl Jung believed in so much.If one is to be true to the church that would in fact have an effect on the way that individual would protract him or herself. In conclusion, Freud, Alder, and Jung have three very different outlooks on psychological theories. All three of these remarkable men knew and worked with each other. In their day, these three men were on the cutting edge of the newest science of westerly civilization. If not for Freud, Alder, and Jung psychology would not have evolved into the field that it is today. Life is full of surprises an d one may never know what is going to happen next.Without theories or experiments, the knowledge of psychology would not have evolved into what it is today. Learning is the key to life and there is no such thing as too much knowledge. (Douglas C. 2005)References Enlightenment Magazine (2008) what is Dis Ich retrieved from http//www. enlightenmentmagazine. com Nystul, M. S. (2005) Introduction to Counseling an Art and Science status (3rd edition) New York Pearson Douglas, C. (2005). Current psychotherapies. (7th Edition) (pgs. 96-129) Itasca, Ill. F. E. Peacock