The Impact of Universal Studios Essay Example for Free

The Impact of usual Studios EssayUniversal Pictures, or Universal Studios, has been around for a little oer a century and it is currently regarded amongst the pass on side six movie studios in America. It grosses billions of dollars in revenue annually and produces major hits and movie thaumaturges. Universal is also owned by a giant media manifold known as NBC Universal, which is quite different from its humble beginnings. This paper will provide a brief insight into the relationship between Universal Pictures and its sham on the movie exertion along with how Universal became a big name in Hollywood. The man who started it all was Carl Laemmle. Born in Wrttemberg Ger numerous, Laemmle was the ten percent of thirteen children, eight of which died of a cruel epidemic of scarlet fever. At the age of thirteen, he was apprenticed to a family friend as a bookkeeper and agency manager. A few years previous(a)r, at the age of seventeen, Carl persuaded his father to let him buy passage to the United States. After arriving, Carl worked as an errand boy in advanced York for a short while then moved to Chicago where his brother Joseph lived. There Carl worked as an office boy until his next move took him to Wisconsin. There he worked in a clothing company and met his wife Recha Stern who gave birth to a son, Carl Jr., and a daughter , Rosabelle.Carl got into an argument with his employer and moved back to Chicago looking for for an enterprise that might multiply his familys savings. Carl decided to go into the film industry after seeing The Great Train Robbery, which left a unfathomed impression and a profound business idea (Zeirold 89). In 1906, Laemmle began purchasing nickelodeons. As Laemmles business bloomed, the Motion Picture Patents Company was born, which sparked one of his many contributions to the industry, the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America.Founded in 1909, the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America, condensed to IMP, w as created to spite the MPPCo. IMP caused its biggest blow to the MPPCo when they snatched up Florence Lawrence, nicknaming her the Biograph Girl, and produced many hit films with her, thus creating the star system we know today. In 1910, Carl joined a nonher organization named the Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Company. This company led to the downfall of the MPPCo and the creation of major studios, such as, MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures), Twentieth Century-Fox, Paramount Studios, and Universal Pictures.Universal, whose name came from Laemmle observing a Universal Pipe Fittings wagon, was created from the remnants of IMP and was sited in tonic York (Dick 33). The impertinently Universal studio was a horizontally integrated company, with movie production and distribution of exhibition venues. As Laemmles business grew he searched for a new foothold to permanently dramatic art his studio and, following the westward trend of the industry, by the end of 1912 the company was focusing its production efforts in the Hollywood area.On March 15, 1915, Laemmle opened the worlds largest interrogation picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on 230 acres of converted farm just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio care became the third view of Universals operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary organization. Unlike other movie moguls, Laemmle opened his studio to tourists. Universal became the biggest studio in Hollywood, and remained so for a decade. However, it sought an listening mostly in elflike towns, producing mostly inexpensive westerns, melodramas, and serials.The reason for Laemmles low budget and lower-class films were because he in person funded all of Universals endeavors. One of his greatest investments was character actor Lon Chaney, nicknamed The Man of a Thousand Faces. Chaney started working for Universal when it began in 1912, but was not truly recognized until 1918 in the silent picture R iddle Gawne. He began his early career presented as a team alongside Dorothy Phillips and William Stowell, starring in fourteen films from 1917 to 1919.However, Chaneys greatest contributions to Universal were The Hunchback of Notre Dame and The Phantom of the Opera. The Hunchback of Notre Dame was Universals Super Jewel of 1923 and was their most successful silent film, grossing over $3 million, and set the standard for all future horror films in the industry. The Phantom of the Opera made Universal more interested in by chance making higher budget, grade-A films. Chaney eventually left Universal for MGM and retired shortly after making a few films for Howard Dietz.In the late 1920s, Universal became a truly powerful movie studio but was not considered part of the Big Five. It was, however, given companionship alongside Columbia Pictures and United Artists which became collectively known as the Little Three. Although it was the largest of the Little Three, Universal Pictures lost money during each year of the 1930s except 1931, 1934 and 1939. This desperate nancial situation led to a change in monomania in 1936 and several management upheavals thereafter. Universal had traditionally engaged primarily in the production of low-budget features and sub-features aimed at the subsequent run and untaught markets, with only an occasional prestige A picture. This policy of reliance on programme pictures remained fairly stable through issue the decade of the 1930s those periodic forays into prestige production and away from the basic programme formula in the main met with nancial disaster and precipitated most of the decades management flexureovers.The case of Universal is somewhat queer when compared with MGM or Warner Bros. Under the conservative leadership of its founder, Carl Laemmle, Universal specialized in the secondary, largely rural, independent theatre market, and most of its product consisted of rather short features without top rank star players. Unl ike MGM or Warner Bros., short faces had always been a fundamental part of Universals production strategy. In an effort to guide itself from its near-bottom industry ranking, the company irted occasionally with the prestige feature market during the 1930s, usually to its nancial detriment. During this decade it did its best nancially when it concentrated on its primary business turning out low-budget features at high speed. Universals short discipline releases maintained this philosophy throughout the 1930s with amazing consistency, considering the turnover in management (including the ouster of Laemmle and his son, Carl, Jr, in 1936). Early in the 1930s, the studios emphasis was shifted to two-reel comedies, starting with the likes of Slim Summerville, Arthur Lake and Benny Rubin as starring comedians.The Universal two reelers took a decidedly interesting swing when former Hal Roach studio manager Warren Doane was hired in 1932 to organize a production unit. Doane, in turn, brou ght in Roach employees James W. Horne, a young George Stevens and Alf Goulding as directors, as well as a long- clock member of Charles Chaplins staff, Albert Austin. The unit lasted until 1934, with Stevens leaving for RKO quite a bit earlier. Unfortunately most of these lms have been unseen for decades, locked away in Universals lm vaults, unavailable for fresh appraisal. A handful of the Doane gip viewed by the author revealed no hidden treasures, a disappointment considering the behind-the-camera talent involved. However, Mr. Mugg, a 1933 serial entry, was nominated for an Academy Award.Another Universal short funniness from this period, although not from the Doane unit, which could provide both a new look at a legendary humorist and a cinematic treatment of an early falloff school of political thought, is a single Robert Benchley two reeler entitled Your Technocracy and Mine. In addition to the comedies, Universal had the Mentone revue series, Strange As It Seems and later unknown Than legend, short lived Goofytone News series produced by a New York independent studio, and travelogue and sports series. Universal produced its own twice-weekly newsreel, the only non-Big Five company to do so. In a reversal of the situation with MGM and Warner Bros. at this time, Universal also had its own in-house animation unit, headed by Walter Lantz, at the beginning of the 1930s, but allowed Lantz to go independent during the ownership turmoil of 1936. The unstable nature of the company at mid-decade also abbreviated the production of colour cartoons after just six shorts made in 1934 and 1935. Colour did not return to the Universal cartoon release schedule until the 19391940 season, when the Lantz studio switched to all-colour production. The area of short lm production for which Universal is best known, however, is the serial.Serials generally were considered the domain of small, independent producers such as Mascot and Republic. Of all of the major studios, onl y the two mini-majors, Universal and Columbia, produced serials. This may be largely attributed to the aforementioned need for producers without theatres to cater to rural and niche markets. Throughout the decade of the 1930s that was to prove so turbulent for Universal, the studio still managed to crank out an average of four 12-episode serials per year. The subject matter ranged widely, from Westerns to jungle adventures to mysteries to air adventures and more. One Universal serial available in its entirety for viewing today is the 1934 Perils of Pauline. Other than the title, borrowed for name recognition value, the Universal Perils bears no resemblance to its famous early silent forebear. This serial was obviously the beneciary both of several standing sets evidently left over from other productions and of a rather large stock footage library.The latter fact is particularly apparent in the scenes of a Chinese revolution that opens Chapter 1, and of numerous jungle and other lo calization principle scenes in the following episodes. It is not at all uncommon to have clean backlot shots of the serials characters reacting to shaky, ickering, scratched and undercranked shots of revolutionary carnage or charging tigers. Both the spacious use of existing sets and of stock footage permit the story to hopscotch from one location to another, all over the Far East and, ultimately, back to New York City. The result is that this series is essentially a mixture of virtually every type of serial ever done at Universal, including science ction. Much more successful, as certify by their popularity even today, were the studios three Flash Gordon serials. The battles between Buster Crabbes Flash and Charles Middletons Ming the Merciless of the Planet Mongo combine streamline, art-deco styling of the late 1930s with sci- camp in a package that is still appealing.The promotional booklet, For Your Box-office Line up with Universal 19351936, provides a fascinating look at the port in which the studio tried to sell its product to exhibitors during the last year of the Laemmle regime. The promotional hype expended on the companys shorts suggests their perceived audience appeal as well as the content of some of the long unseen short series. Announcing the rst Flash Gordon series, the advertising copy proclaims 53 million great deal read it in the Daily and Sunday newspapers Now Universal adapts Alex Raymonds sensational newspaper adventure strip for a serial of 13 episodes The knave devoted to Universal Newsreel reminds theatre owners that Graham McNamee, National Broadcasting Companys Ace Announcer, narrated the reels. It goes on to assert the statistically unsupportable First desist Foremost Holder of the Worlds Record for Miraculous Scoop after Scoop.Moving to the entertainment short series, For Your Box-office describes the Mentone series as having more stars and advertize acts than the best vaudeville show And at prices you can afford to pay Thr ee other one-reel series are depicted thusly Stranger than Fiction-Facts, freaks and fancies from every corner of the globe Each reel is a box-office magnet in itself Studio NoveltiesGems of comedy, musical comedy, trick photography, satire and short subjects A new and novel series and Going PlacesThe short that never fails to do things From one end of the world to the other and back again with the enchanting personality and illustration of Lowell Thomas. As frequently happened with studio press books, which were designed to sell a companys product before production on the seasons wares had actually commenced, some of the announced projects never reached the screen. Specically, in this case, the promised 13 episodes of the new Studio Novelties dwindled to a mere four Specials.In sum total, Universals product actually conformed to the basic format of its competitors, with the exception of serial production. Content and quality are hard to judge at this point in time with relativel y few of the lms available for re-evaluation. The original nitrate negatives for most of the Universal short subjects still survive and are housed in the companys Kearny, New Jersey, vaults. Hopefully, they will be transferred to safety lm before they are consumed by the inevitable nitrate decomposition. As has been previously noted, serials were generally the province of low-budget producers, not of major studios. Beyond serials, Universals greatest successes were its novelty series (Strange As It Seems, Stranger Than Fiction), travelogues (Going Places) and musicals (Mentone series). An interesting aspect of Universals short subject programme was that it continued to release silent lms through 1931, over 2 years after the talkie revolution.Presumably this was for the benet of the more than 1500 small silent theatres that were still in business despite having been unable to afford the conversion to sound. Beyond that, one gets the impression that Universal was just struggling to tu rn out a product during the turbulent 1930s, with any ideas of visual style being secondary. The studios shorts, like its features, tended to be all over the occasion in terms of production polish. One may nd a rough correlation between Universals B-grade Western feature productions and a number of its Western-themed serials.However, as with Warner Bros. lack of gangster shorts, it is something of a surprise that the studio known for its world-class horror lms (Frankenstein, Dracula, The Phantom of the Opera, etc.) attempted virtually nothing in the way of horror/science ction serials until decades end (Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and The Phantom Creeps). In conclusion, Carl Laemmle worked vigorously to bring down the MPPCo powerhouse with IMP and quail start a major movie studio which he called Universal. Universal made great impacts on the industry in the fields of horror, sci-fi, and serials impacts that changed the movie industry forever.

Some of the Most Important Skyscrapers in the World Essay Example for Free

Some of the Most Important Skyscrapers in the manhood EssayThe following discussion analyzes some of the initiationly concerns tallest skyscrapers, grittylight their striking features in terms of their architectural objective and construction materials that gravel make some to stand the test of time and consequently revealing how they be possessed of evolved from 19th to 21st century. Such skyscraper included here are Chrysler grammatical construction in New York of early 1900s, serviceman trade heart and soul( collimate towboats), Kingdom Center, Taipei ci and lastly the ongoing construction of the tallest world-to-be skyscraper-Burj Dubai.The Chrysler Building in New York was the first tallest create to be completed in early 1930s and it is up to now con positionred to be hotshot of the classical skyscrapers up-to-date in the New York City. In 2005 The Chrysler Building was ranked among top ten edifice out of twenty five favourite(a) New York Towers. It stood to be tallest building from1930 to 1931 when its record was broken by Empire State Building. However it is still the tallest building in the world which is made of bricks.The Chrysler Building is said to be an Art Desco architecture and presently the architects find it to be the most finest buildings in the New York City located on the east side of Manhattan. It is 319 meters tall (1,047ft). The distinctive ornamentation of the building was not less in comparison of the features of Chrysler automobiles. At the comer of the lx first traumatise is punctuated with eagles replicas of 1929 Chrysler hood ornaments.On its thirty first blast corner ornamentation are those of replicas of Chrysler radiator caps. Due to these features among m all others it was made to be National Historic Landmark in 1976 (Haverstock et al, 2000 pp. 214-222). When it was competed and the building first opened it did have on its 71st level a public viewing gulley which was later closed to the public in 1945 . Its recognition and significance increase during early times due to its cultural depictions.It featured severally in films, arts, advertisement, art work, music, literature and fashions to mention but a few due to the region at which such works were being performed. To date Chrysler Building is the third tallest building after the Bank of America Building in New York City. other significant skyscraper in worlds history is World share Center which also sometimes is referred to as Twin Towers that was an outstanding landmark dear before it was shattered in September 11, 2001 attack. It heading was such innovatory that it was d unrivaled to look like futuristic sculpture.The building itself was sophisticated in that it consisted of two towers, the northeastward tower and the southern tower which were at different heights 1368 ft (417M) and 1362 ft ( 415M) respectively, together with five other mingled buildings. These towers were identical in the design that why it was given the name Twin Towers. Twin Towers by the time of its completion it was the tallest building in the world until the construction of Chicagos clip and Petronas in Malaysia. The World Trade Center building was situated at Lower Manhattan.The tower construction started in mid-1960s and completed in 1973. Its design select new innovations and morphological systems with technological advancements that employed lightweight and modular construction. Its design was meant to resist strong wind of load of 2kpa. It is recorded that each tower was sixty four meters square standing at 411 M above the street level. Its existence came in to being as a result of David Rockfellers reverie who was the chairman of the Chase Manhattan Bank and Nelson Rockfeller, the former Governor of New York.He owned the original idea of the center construction. In 1962 Minoru Yamasaki was contracted as a lead architect and it presented World Trade Center design to the public in1964 (Haverstock et al, 2000 pp 245 -260). Its structural design employed tube-frame design that allowed open floors instead of using columns to alimentation building loads as it was normally d iodin in previous construction making it a totally new approach . It used high strength, load bearing perimeter steel columns. In short the building itself portrayed a state of art when it was completed.The construction of World Trade Center took eight years. However, construction of the World Trade Center was not without controversy because its site saw the relocation of many commercial and industrial tenants and residents as the complex occupied sixteen acres of land. Even its design faced a lot of criticism due to its aesthetic aspects. The urban planners and architects described the Tower as just glass and metal filling cabinets. Its narrows office windows about 460 mm wide were disliked because of obscurity in view they gave onto looking outside from the building.When Twin Towers was completed, it was such a spectacle in that it attracted about one coulomb tourists each day. It had musing deck at height of 420 M and at this point one was at worlds highest outdoor viewing platform as it was referred. This view was in the South Tower. On a clear day one could see as far as 78 km in any direction. From about twenty miles away the tower could easily been seen. One may wonder of what significance did the Twin Tower played. It was found that about 50,000 people worked in it. Since 1973 every United States of America president had to visit this spectacle.Several tied(p)ts have taken place in this skyscraper. Many mountain climbers have scaled the building. It has featured in many TV shows, magazines, movies and merchandise that gave it so much popularity. The World Trade Center Building has encountered two attacks where the second attack was so severe that it caused the collapse of the North and South towers. The bombing attack of February 26, 1993 caused 30M hollow by means of five concrete sublevels in the North Tower that was detonated at underground garage. The second attack of September 11, 2001 resulted to a total collapse of World Trade Center .The North Tower was the first to crumble after it was crushed by airliner hijackers and barely after twenty minutes the second airliner hijackers crushed the South Tower. Three of the seven building of World Trade Center collapsed on the same day of attacks. Nevertheless plans are underway to rebuild World Trade Center Towers that will lead to completion of Freedom Towers which will be one of the future skyscrapers. Before this skyscraper, the Empire State Building was the tallest building in the New York City and again it has taken this prestige Twin Tower collapse.As evolution of skyscraper continues, currently the United State of America no durable enjoy credits of the tallest skyscrapers in the world any more but this now is ascribe to Asian nation such as Malaysia and Dubai. The Kingdom Tower in Riyadh is also one of the worl d tallest skyscrapers and but the only tallest skyscraper in Saudi-Arabian Arabia. It was completed in the year 2001. Though it is not even among top ten worlds skyscrapers it is worth mentioning because of its state-of art that has made it to win the Emproris Skyscraper award.Before its construction was done, major competitive architectural firms were consulted and about a hundred submissions made taking the final architectural design to three years time. At its completion, it was twenty fifth worlds tallest building with a height of 302 M (991) tall. Because Saudi does not have many Skyscrapers like some of the cities of the world, it is renowned for its tourist attraction both locally and internationalisticly. Amazingly, the building has charm in each of its four sides.The lighting fixtures in the drive way imitate towers shape and its inverted centenary arch at the top was described as the necklaces for the Riyadh city by its designer. It has the ninety-ninth floor, which is a sky bridge that has triangular opening of fifty six meters with public observation deck. This sky bridge rises at nine hundred and eighteen above see level. This gave it unique aspects of being a point of tourist attraction as it is used as viewpoint of the entire city of Riyadh. It hosts the highest mosque in the world with forty one floors.The Kingdom centre is owned by a prince of Saudi royal family Alwaleed bin Talal bins Abdulziz Al Saud. It is also his Kingdom Royal Companys headquarters. In fact, Kingdom Centre was selected as the best skyscraper of the world for its design and this made it to win Emproris Skyscaper Award. The centre has state -of art apartments with Four Seasons Hotel. Besides this it has a three-level shopping center in its east wing which made it also win award of design. Its large opening is lit at night in continuous changing color lights.In the same building it has a big shopping mall with a hundred and seventy prestigious stores in the service floor c onsisting of eighty ground floor stores, and forty ladies floors. Ladies floor has been exclusively designed for women only (Terranova, 2003 pp. 44-49). Taipei 101 also known as the Taipei Financial Center is currently the worlds tallest building in Taiwan and also believed to be the largest construction engineering project in that region that was designed by world class architect C. Y Lee. It stands at the height of 1,671ft (509M) with a hundred and one stories.Taipei 101 building where it rests covers 81,072 square meters (Ali Moon, 2007 pp 8-10). This skyscraper has been designed using the most in style(p) and sophisticated structural system technological advancements. Its design has used what is referred to as Mega Structure System. It is designed is in such a way that after every eighth floor there is space to check wind effects as commonly observed in high-rise. This system also helps prevent disaster. Surprisingly the building increases in its size as it rises up taking a p agoda shape.The design is said to be based on traditional Chinese culture on favorable number eight . Consequently its looks like eight in its upwards flaring section with a support of eight super columns . In its 89th floor it has public indoor observation while at 91st floor it has an outdoor observation deck . Being the worlds tallest building, it has attracted visitors all over the world. To broadcasters, firework coverage is a common phenomenon particularly in the New Years Eve from this building. Also most of yearly festivals are also held here.Its elevators are the fastest in the world rising at 60. 48 Km/hr and descending at 36. 6 km/hr. The building has won several international awards due to the technology employed (Ali Moon, 2007 pp. 11-13) The Shanghai World Financial Center is the second worlds tallest building after Taipei 101. It has a hundred and one storeys and stands at height of 492M. Although after its foundation was laid, the construction encountered financial setback and it almost took ten years to be completed, this skyscraper is the second in the world as for now.However by the time of its planning in the year 1997, it was to be the world tallest building surpassing Petronas Towers of Malaysia. It has three floors of underground parking, shops, offices, conference centers, army and observation floors. In fact its observation bridge is the highest in the world. Also Shanghai World Financial Center portrays real evolution of the skyscrapers both in terms of structural system and design. It has two tuned mass dampers below observation floors to minimize any sway from windstorms and earthquakes.Also after the incident that occurred at World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, there was redesigning of the structure so as to withstand occurrence of any plane crush or any other form of disaster if it ever happens by including 12 fire proof refugee areas and two elevators. Shanghai World Financial Trade Center is the latest to be inaugurated on August 28, this year. However, evolution of skyscrapers to the present age would not be inclusive without mentioning of the Burj Dubai. It will be the tallest ever built skyscrapers in the world once it will be completed.Its construction started on September 22, 2004. In September 26 this year the building was at 707 M (2320ft). Presently even before its completion it has outdone Taipei 101 which has been the only skyscraper slightly half a kilometer in height. So far it is the structure with the many floors- one hundred and sixty floors after Shear Towers in Chicago, USA. This tower employs Islamic architecture where when viewed either from the base or above, it assumes onion shape. Structurally the tower is made of reinforced concrete and steel foundation (Ali Moon, 2007 pp. 16-18)

GDI Security Policy Document

GDI Security Policy Document1.0 IntroductionThis gage system policy document offers a suitable summary of the state of security concerns with the presentin mention mountain and no alteration of the information contained herein is whollyowed without the consent of the Global Distribution Inc. The document offers a brief outlay of the corporation and the structures of its state of security as well as propositions set in order to ensure a safe, secure and limpid caterpillar tread of the GDI for the best client trust and satisf goion.1.1 The Corporations BackgroundGlobal Distribution Inc. (GDI) is an internally recognized firm whose core objective is to acquaint security smooth electronic oriented assets from sellers to buyers as well as from manufactures to clients. The GDI headquarters is in the Central Business of the Washington DC in the fall in States of America and all its outlets in major cities all over the world, including cities in European nations, Africa, the Asian continent as well as the Far East, be controlled by means of a protected signal mode of communication which relies on the expertise of the best IT brains in the world. In its modest structure of operation, The GDI acts as a shipping corporation, although its operations and client trust rests on an ultra-modern state of cyber and advanced computer security platform. Just to mention, the corporation contracts in shipping high security electronic cards, gadgets, personalized fingerprint devices as well as fine secret machinery such as ultra-modern Military machinery in general among others. These electronics contain coded closed-door information and the process of successful business of GDI relies on IT expertise right from its website to its employees.1.2 Problem statementThe preparation of this document was elicited by the wiki leaks concerns that the GDI servers had been hacked by cyber criminals whose intentions were to meet certain targeted countries national banking and sec urity information in the wake of uprising terrorism and cyber thieving. The GDI officially confirms that these claims ar valid although the attempts of the attackers were counteracted by the corporations maculate computing team through the intrusion detection systems. Owing to the fact that most of the assets which are handled by the GDI are airlifted to set destinations and huge quantities of such be shipped through the sea worldwide, the awakening remindments of terror and piracy both physical and cyber based has elicited, we, the top secret management of the GDI to release this document as an act of assurance to our esteemed clients. Also, considering that possible employee interference with clients information may occur, the issue of security, and thus documenting it to the target relevant clients is a matter of great importance.2.0 Important Assets for GDIThe GDI relies on a variety of assets in its daily activities which are security oriented in all trends of their ope ration. For instance, the corporation owns a fleet of customized aircrafts and modern ships whose controls are computer based. For instance, the cargo compartments are code operated and rely on the doctrine of one time password which is generated at the headquarters. The beau monde also stocks secure servers which are intended to prevent hackers from accessing the corporations database (Laughlin, 2012). Also, the password transmission technology relies on an expiring ping signals which deters forth and back tracing by cyber insurgents. Behind the GDI security is a pile of super computers, stationed in different parts of the world and secret and secured locations, and whose input to the communication and secrecy of the corporation is immense. The corporation also harbors versatile human assets which as mentioned earlier is a team of specially trained coder and hackers. Important to note is that the corporation owns the clients good in transit and is accountable for retaining the s ecurity encrypted within the goods. Most of the times, the sellers and manufactures entrust the GDI with the duties of configuring information as required for the devices. The greatest challenge of retaining security of the information which circulates within these systems is that they are prone to cyber intrusion by malicious individuals as well as firmware.3.0 Security Architecture for GDIThe GDI puts its utmost trust within the following hierarchy or rather mountain chain of command when it comes to its security matters. The top entrusted individual is the companys chief executive officer who doubles as the president of the company. The second in the descend order are the CEOs vice presidents. Stemming down in that order are the Executive assistants who in turn issue orders to the managers. Most most-valuable to note is that these managers are specially trained IT and coding experts whose mandate is to ensure privacy of data and other credentials are upheld.The security of the servers is ensured through the new-made versions of the intrusion detection systems. In a brief overview, intercommunicate intrusion systems collect network traffic for analysis and detection. Packets are ordinarily intercepted as they move across the network between a number of hosts. The packets already intercepted are compared with a database that contains known signatures and any anomalous activity suggestive of malicious behavior is highlighted (Di Mancini, 2008). This way, our IT experts are able to check for intruders. However, the coding of the information contained in the gadgets is encrypted through the use of the supercomputers and every dispatch set encrypted with a one-time password which is sent in coded format once consignment reach destination.4.0 Ten Possible Security PoliciesThe GDI has identified that just like any other business entity it owns assets which are seek after by others. The others in this case entail competitors, hackers, criminals or even its e mployees. Due to this reason, the GDI has keynoted the importance of reshuffling its security policies. It is these security policies which outline the company rules and procedures which facilitate protect its assets from intruders. The items in the GDIs context encompass data and the valuable electronics which include ATM sets and ATM cards. Most important, these security policies shall help define the companys communication structure for the safe destination of its goals. Generally speaking, security, policies entail a governing, technical and end-user policies, all of which ought to be observed. The case for GDI is quite complex and ambitious since it ought to consider online and offline platforms bearing in mind its clients and its internal community. In this case, the possible security policies include Incidence response security policy (Security Response programme Policy), Audit/Risks assessment, security Policy, Computer Security Policy, Emails Security Policy, , Internet Security Policy, Personal devices and Mobile Security Policy, Networks, Security Policy, Physical Security Policy, Application policies, horde Security Policies, password Security policy and Wireless (Wi-Fi) Security Policy (Greene, 2006).5.0 Details and Rationale of the Ten Security PoliciesThe security policies listed under the preceding member would therefore be considered as outlined below within the GDI security system. Firstly, owing to the fact that much of the data are in softcopy format and duplicate through web data transfer protocols which then calls for sound rules.Incidence response security policyUnder this security policy, the GDI aims to ensure that sound fire of handling an encroachment by foreign individuals is handled at the preventive stage. The seriousness of this matter demands keen attention as most of the data and communication cling of the GDI is transmitted through VPNs and encrypted via Trusted Computing Based internal networks. This means that once a n intruder manages to hack the system, data will be accessed. Early provision and response policy is therefore critical.Physical security policyGenerally, physical security policies usually encompass on ensuring that the computer systems and other assets are not physically tampered with in an organization. This for instance ensures that all removable data carrying drives are not accessed manually and made away with. Cases of fire are also considered here and a alley map to addressing the same offered.Personal gadget and mobile device security policiesThis security policy aims to restrict the importing of data by any employees from the central network for any unaccounted reasons. Communication and device usage in the streams of analogue as well as ISDN lines policy need view a clear outline Define Also, image capturing devices would be a threat cause getting an image of the security centers would give intruders a road map to break into them.Server Security PoliciesAn international corporation like the GDI would definitely focus to ensure that its servers are well secured. This can be through the hiring of professional hackers and cloud computing expatriates in all ways keep testing the system and ensure that the ISP and VPNs are secure (Laughlin, 2012)..Wi-Fi Security policiesMany organizations usually install wireless networks within their premises for the fast and convenient communication among the employees. However, the focus ought to be placed on such networks as they can intimately be configured by hackers to and give an entry point to the organization enabling them to steal data. Thus, protecting such Wi-Fi networks are very critical.Passwords security policiesThese policies more often than not outline the formal protocols in which the corporate management ensures its how its passwords are safe and the chain of command in handling and usage of the same. A legal beat has to be set in place for accountability.Remote Access security policiesThis gener ally denotes the degree the surrounding community could manage to use say the Wi-Fi of a corporation. At times, when the workers are housed within the corporations premises, they usually are given passwords to access the corporations wireless network which can be vulnerable to network hackers.Computer Security policiesThe usage of both the super computers and personal computers in a multinational organization need clear guidelines since computers are very sensitive since they offer the weakest link for accessing company information. The case for GDI is similarly sensitive and more vigilant on the same since its assets are computer integrated.Data recovery and championship security policiesThese define the procedures for recovering data in case of a systems breakdown or any unexpected malfunctioning of the network devices. This would position a corporation at the vantage of all time data security.Administrators security policiesThese security policies aim at outlining how security c oncerns which entails top secrets and data sharing and circulation changes work force within the top management. Generally, most institutions provide for a hierarchical flow of data and security details from the chief executive officer to the lowest take employee in the corporation for exampleApplication policiesLast but not least, it is important to appreciate that some organizations usually develop their web applications which can be downloaded and installed by third party and clients. For instance, this could be an application regarding the tracking of items under transit, say under shipment. This can be especially prone to piracy and theft of physical assets. It is under this security policy, such matters are turn to.6.0 Ten Security Policies that should be applied to GDIThe success of any international corporation that handles huge volumes of critical data depends on the statement of policies and implementation of such. For instance, virtually all the discussed policies unde r section 5 offer a clear insight that the GDI has to apply its running to all the security policies. For instance, a summarized opinion would simply show that all the policies target ensuring data security which is the core reason as to why all need be applied for the safe and efficient running of the corporations activities and operations. Password security policies coupled with administrators security polices for instance, offer a way of addressing the commonest ways of ethical data handling and accountability would be pronounced. Likewise, the application policies ought to have clear rules of usage since without keen attention, the GDI can fall victim of organism intruded and hacked. Data Backup and recovery security policies ought to be implemented since the corporation is data and information oriented. A good system being in tool would make things better for the company. Internet, email, personal computer as well as mobile device usage, security policies within the premises b y the employees ought to be addressed and applied in the GDI on an advanced scale since most of the communications could be tapped via these avenues. The fact that the GDI organizes its infrastructure right from programs to gadgets and machinery under the control of networks therefore dictates and calls for an step up concern for all the ten security policies.7.0 ConclusionThe GDI Corporation handles huge amounts of sensitive assets and data and thus its reliability by clients rests on the team the corporation has especially the coders. In order for the GDI to run safely and secure without fear of being hacked despite its wide usage of coded data, its skilled staff ought to stay on high alert (Laughlin, 2012). Also, for effective and sustainable safety of clients data, the various security policies described shall be implemented. This way, the recent threats of attempted intrusion into the GDI servers would be minimized with greater clients satisfaction. youngs such as those witne ssed recently on wiki leaks would be a thing of the past in the GDIs context.ReferencesDi, P. R., Mancini, L. V. (2008).Intrusion detection systems. New York Springer.Greene, S. S. (2006). Security policies and procedures Principles and practices. Upper Saddle River, N.J Pearson Prentice Hall.Laughlin, C. (2012). Guide for servers. Chicago, IL Liturgy Training Publications.

Role of the Brand in Developing Customer Loyalty

Role of the fire tick off in Developing Customer LoyaltyINTRODUCTION1.1 Nature of Assignment My project is somewhat The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer Loyalty. Its the part of MBA and it is the requirement of my institute, THE UNIVERSITY OF WALES, for the completion of our degree. The finding of project is to determine the role of tag in the phylogenesis of guest dedication. after(prenominal) completion of this project I end easily understand that how smirch helps in the development of node commitment. I am doing written report on this project to arrest data and other relevant breeding to build a relation among role of brand and customer loyalty and to prove that brand plays an important role in the development of customer loyalty. It is my project which is being supervised by a senior soulfulness allocated by my institute. In order to fool my project more reliable field data go forth also be collected and analyzed. Data from the pre- question on this topic will also be studied to make my project well designed and easily understandable. From the company point of view my re count work will be helpful to understand the relationship between brand and customer loyalty.1.2 The Rationale for this Study* Literature review has proved that customer loyalty affects by brand.* Different work on this topic has been done which is in chapter 2.* It is a moralize agreement that brand affects customer loyalty.* I will return to test this claim that the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty with the help of this project using primary and secondary research.* In UK consideration it would be useful contribution towards this field.* This research will be helpful in understanding the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty.* In local environment findings from this project will be used in number of groups including companies, scholars and also researchers.1.3 BrandIn marketing, a brand is a sight of feelings toward an e conomic producer. Feelings argon created by the accumulation of experiences with the brand, both directly relating to its use, and through with(predicate) the influence of advertisement, design, and media commentary. A brand is a symbolic embodiment of all the instruction connected to a company, harvesting or service. A brand serves to create associations and expectations among products make by a producer. A brand often includes an explicit logo, fonts, garble schemes, symbols, which argon developed to represent implicit values, ideas, and even personality.ConceptsSome marketers distinguish the psychological aspect of a brand from the experiential aspect. The experiential aspect consists of the snapper of all points of contact with the brand and is inhabitn as the brand experience. The psychological aspect, sometimes referred to as the brand im geezerhood, is a symbolic construct created within the minds of good deal and consists of all the information and expectations ass ociated with a product or service. The nicest approach to brand building considers the conceptual structure of brands, businesses and multitude.1.4 Brand LoyaltyBrand loyalty is the eventual(prenominal) goal a company sets for a brand product. Brand loyalty is a consumers pick outence to sully a bad-tempered brand in a product category. It occurs because consumers perceive that the brand offers the right product features, im terms, or level of tincture at the right price. This perception becomes the foundation for a new purchasing habit. Basically, consumers initially will make a trial bribe of the brand and, after satisfaction, tend to form habits and confront purchasing the same brand because the product is safe and familiar.Brand loyalists have the bonding mindset* I am committed to this brand.* I am uncoerced to pay a higher price for this brand everywhere other brands.* I will recommend this brand to others.Importance of Brand LoyaltyThere are three main reasons wh y brand loyalty is importantHigher Sales Volume The average United States Company loses half of its customers every five years, equating to a 13% annual loss of customers. This statistic illustrates the challenges companies face when trying to grow in competitive environments. Achieving even 1% annual growth requires increasing gross bargains to customers, both brisk and new, by 14%. Reducing customer loss can dramatically amend business growth and brand loyalty, which leads to consistent and even greater deals since the same brand is corruptd repeatedly.Premium Pricing Ability Studies show that as brand loyalty increases, consumers are slight sensitive to price changes. Generally, they are willing to pay more for their preferred brand because they perceive some unique value in the brand that other alternatives do not provide. Additionally, brand loyalists pervert less frequently on cents-off deals these promotions and subsidize planned purchases.Retain Rather than Seek Brand loyalists are willing to search for their favorite brand and are less sensitive to competitive promotions. The result is lower costs for advertising, marketing and distribution. Specifically, it costs four to six times as much to displume a new customer as it does to retain an old one.1.5 Customer LoyaltyWhen a consumer finds that a particular brand is delivering the stovepipe products and services for him and that brands solves his problems with their products, he begins to commit that brand with a veritable feel and develops a loyalty for it. In fact, if you have a customer who is committed to your brand, chances are that he will choose your product or service over the others that are available in the market.Customer loyalty plays a major role in reservation your business successful. If you are capable of retaining as much as 5% of your old customer base, then your business can grow up to 75%. Another great thing ab step up your old customers who rely on you is that t hey will tell their friends, family and acquaintances about your products and services. In this manner, your business will get the best kind of advertising possible. Similarly, a customer who does not like your products might do some negative marketing for you, so you need to be on your toes and ensure that all your customers are satisfied with you. This will help you convert your prospective customers to your clients.1.6 The Role of Brand in the Development of Customer LoyaltyIn order to keep your old customer base alive and loyal towards your brand. You need to have something unique about your brand. If you are able to have a unique feature that your customers love, then chances are that your customers will stick to your company and even tell others about it. The key is to develop this USP or Unique marketing Point in order to entice the customers and keep them loyal. If your customer is aware of your USP and benefits from it, you will get a brand loyalty that will be seemly to keeps your business booming.Customer loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may redemption a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty.True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This character of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm. Customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm.2. LITERATURE REVIEWTo determine the role of brand in the development of customer loyalty some articles have been studied. After studying these articles we came to know that how much research has been done by different persons on this topic. Previous research putts light on different kinds of factors related to development of customer loyalty that how customer loyalty can be measured and how properly or effectively brand c an be managed and implemented. And what models can be used to make a particular brand more successful.Previous research also explains that what factors are responsible for the dec pass of a brand. So we came to know about loyalty that a customers loyalty can be determined by studying that how repetitively customer make purchasing of products of a particular brand when some others alternatives are available to customers.Several studies have been conducted in this area following are the list of some key articles and a truncated description will be given following.2.1 Summaries of Articles1st article is about Brand Loyalty which is being studied by Nancy Giddens, Agricultural Extension order Added Marketing Specialist.Brand Loyalty has been proclaimed by some to be the ultimate goal of marketing. In marketing, brand loyalty consists of a consumers commitment to repurchase the brand and can be demonstrated by repeated buying of a product or service or other positive behaviors much(pr enominal) as word of mouth advocacy. True brand loyalty implies that the consumer is willing, at least on occasion, to put aside their own desires in the interest of the brand. Brand loyalty is more than simple repurchasing, however. Customers may repurchase a brand due to situational constraints, a lack of viable alternatives, or out of convenience. Such loyalty is referred to as spurious loyalty. True brand loyalty exists when customers have a high relative attitude toward the brand which is then exhibited through repurchase behavior. This type of loyalty can be a great asset to the firm customers are willing to pay higher prices, they may cost less to serve, and can bring new customers to the firm. For example, if Joe has brand loyalty to Company A he will purchase Company As products even if Company Bs are cheaper and/or of a higher quality.This article is about decline of brands by James Surowiecki. The truth is weve always overestimated the power of branding while underestimat ing consumers ability to have sex quality. When brands first became important in the US a century ago, it was because particular products Pillsbury flour or Morton salt offered far more reliability and quality than no-name goods. Similarly, umpteen (and arguably almost) of the important brands in American history Gillette or Disney became successful not because of clever marketing, but because they offered something you couldnt get anywhere else. (Gillette made the best razors Disney made the best animated movies.) Even Nike first became popular because it made superior running shoes. Marketers looked at these companies and said they were succeeding because their brands were strong. In reality, the brands were strong because the companies were succeeding.Over time, certain brands came to connote quality. They did provide a measure of insurance which in turn made firms less innovative and less rigorous. (Think of the abominable cars General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler made in the late 1960s through the 1970s remember the Pinto? in part because they assumed that they had customers for life.) That sense of protection is eroding in industry after industry, and sooner of a consumer economy in which success is determined in large part by name, its now being determined by performance. The aristocracy of brand is dead. Long live the meritocracy of product.This article is about customer date by Richard Sedley. Customer Engagement refers to the engagement of customers with one another, with a company or a brand. The initiative for engagement can be both consumer- or company-led and the medium of engagement can be on or offline. A customers degree of engagement with a company lies in a continuum that represents the strength of his investment in that company. Positive experiences with the company strengthen that investment and move the customer down the line of engagement.This article is about Brand Engagement by Watson Wyatt. Brand Engagement is a term loosely used to describe the process of forming an attachment (emotional and rational) between a person and a brand. It comprises one aspect of brand precaution. What makes the topic complex is that brand engagement is partly created by institutions and organizations, but is equally created by the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of those with whom these institutions and organizations are communicating or engaging with.As a relatively new addition to the marketing and communication mix, brand engagement sits in the billet between marketing, advertising, media communication, social media, organizational development, internal communications and human resource managementThis article is on Brand management by Neil H. McElroy. Brand management is the application of marketing techniques to a specific product, product line, or brand. It seeks to increase the products perceived value to the customer and thereby increase brand franchise and brand equity. Marketers see a brand as an i mplied promise that the level of quality wad have come to expect from a brand will continue with future purchases of the same product. This may increase sales by making a comparison with competing products more favorable. It may also enable the manufacturer to awaken more for the product. The value of the brand is determined by the amount of profit it generates for the manufacturer3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch methodology will be discussed in the following section.3.1 Theoretical FrameworkThe dependent variable, customer loyalty of mark casual wear companies depend upon two independent variables which are price and awareness. most(prenominal) of the people in Pakistan belong to middle class and they prefer to buy products of low price with good quality.So poor quality of these companies has affected its sale as well as customer loyalty.We know that awareness of any product plays an important role to increase or decrease the customer loyalty.The quality and comfort of brand pro ducts are close to local brands. Similarly the awareness of the brand casual wearing is low because of less impressive advertisement.So, it is clear that the sale and customer loyalty is low because of high price and unawareness.3.2 Research ObjectivesFollowing are the objectives of this study1. To determine the importance of branding in creating customer loyalty.2. To identify the characteristics of a brand that help in brand loyalty.3. To investigate the reasons for brand preference.4. How brand loyalty can be developed?5. What makes the customer loyal?6. To make recommendations for developing customer loyalty through branding.3.3 OperationalizationCustomer LoyaltyIn this, we will measure the customer loyalty whether the people are buying it or not and why. We have price and awareness as an independent variable and we will measure customer loyalty for different types of the mark casual wearing. cognisanceAwareness is an independent variable and we will measure it by the following indicatorsi) By asking the people whether they are aware or not.ii) If yes, then from which media fomite they became aware of it e.g. Newspapers, Magazines, T.V, receiving set receiver, Bill boards, word of mouth etc.Methodology UsedTo perform this task, research was conducted in such a way that contemplateed the awareness towards branded casual wearing. The primary source of data assembly was used and the instrument for data collection was personally administered Questionnaire. This questionnaire was administered personally due to sampling information, administrative control, and fate the respondents in answering technical questions. The population of the research consists of ultimate consumers. Therefore Convenience Sampling technique was used.3.4 Research DesignThe enjoyment of this research was to get to the relationship between independent variables high price awareness and the dependent variable customer loyalty.This is a field study because it examined the relationshi p between the variables. For this purpose questionnaire was developed to get response of the people. Neither the variables were controlled nor was artificial setting created for the study. The unit of analysis for this study is an individual and tool of data collection is questionnaire.For data collection we have used convenience sampling technique.Procedure UsedStandardized questionnaire was designed for consumers. The questionnaire was developed in order to make it comprehensive, so as to enable the researcher to collect all needed information from consumers. The questionnaires was distributed and filled in by the consumers.Methods of Data CollectionPopulation consisting of people who are using the branded casual wears were considered for the collection of data. Survey questionnaire was thus used to collect data from respondents in different areas and University of the Central Punjab.Tool for Data CollectionTool to collect data was survey questionnaire which was very carefully des igned. It consisted of all the types of questions i.e. dichotomous questions and multiple choices. So as to acquire in depth knowledge from the consumers about the research problem. After preparation of questionnaire, it was shown to kind teacher for changes in it.Pre-testingAfter developing and getting it approved, 5 copies of the questionnaire were filled out by the senior students of the University. The respondents set about only few problems which were then replaced and made it easier and comprehensive.After pre-testing 50 copies were again distributed among the public and students.Sampling TechniquesWe have selected the samples which gave maximum representatives of target market. These samples gave more reliable and accurate information because they are end users of branded casual wears and can provide better information about research problem.Nature of the StudyThe research study was utilise research because it was performed to find solution of problem. Why customer loyalty of branded casual wears is lower.After finding solution of problem, companies implement it to rectify problem situation. design of StudyThe research has two main purpose first purpose is aimed at to be completed as a requirement of course. Second purpose was to study the impact of important factors that affect customer loyalty of branded casual wears.Some of important factors to be studied were* Demo interpretic factors like age, income business sector* Quality* Price* Brand name* Availability* AdvertisementAll these factors were studied to find out all possible ways to maintain and to improve factors such as accessibility, quality, price, advertisement etc.Study SettingThis is a field study because it examined attitude and behavior of the people towards low demand for branded casual wears. For this purpose we had surveyed different areas and got filled in the questionnaires from students. Variables were neither controlled nor manipulated and no artificial setting was created for the study.Time HorizonThe data for this research was collected over one month period.Field WorkWe had 50 sample sizes. We went to the commercial and business areas to fill this questionnaire. The areas consisted of Green heith markets and white city commercial markets.During our field work, we faced a few problems like negative responses from the respondents. Some of the persons hesitated refused to fill questionnaire. But we faced all problems boldly as a good researcher.3.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH subjectOur research has following limitations1) Lack of time2) Cost for collecting data.3) Sample size is small.4. ANALYSIS OF SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE, INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND TABULATION REPRESENTATION remit NO.1Do you prefer branded habilitate?Response Frequency %ageYes 41 82%No 9 18%_Total 50 vitamin C__ consort to our analysis 82% respondents preferred branded clothe while 18% respondents out of our selected samples did not prefer branded fit out. So our analysis shows that majority of the people prefer branded clothing. instrument panel NO.2Brand is important for which item of clothing?Items Frequency %ageShirt 10 20%Jeans 22 44% everyday wears 18 36%Total 50 hundred%20% of respondents preferred branded shirts, 44% of respondents preferred branded jeans while 36% of respondents preferred branded casual wears. So according to our analysis its clear that majority of people prefer branded jeans.TABLE NO.03Why do you prefer branded clothes? potently agree Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree TotalHigh Quality 24 (48%) 18 (36%) 6 (12%) 2(4%) 50Comfort 26 (52%) 15 (30%) 8 (16%) 1 (2%) 50Durability 25 (50%) 18 (36%) 5 (10%) 2 (4%) 50This graph shows that 48% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 12% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to high quality.52% respondents are strongly agreed, 30% respondents are agreed, 16% respondents are disagreed and 2% respondents are str ongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to comfort.50% respondents are strongly agreed, 36% respondents are agreed, 10% respondents are disagreed and 4% respondents are strongly disagreed that they prefer branded clothes due to durability. So majority of people prefer branded clothes due to comfort.TABLE NO.04Which of the following element is important for your choice of the branded item?Elements Frequency %ageProduct features 31 62%Price 14 28%Promotion 04 08%Placement 01 02%Total 50 100_This graph shows that 62% respondents preferred product features, 28% respondents preferred price, 8%respondents preferred promotion and 2% preferred placement for the choice of branded items.So our analysis shows that product feature is the most important element for the choice of branded items.TABLE NO.05Approximately, how legion(predicate) times do you buy your clothes?Buying Period Frequency %age formerly a week 02 04%Once every 2 weeks 00 00%Once a month 08 16%At the beginning of season 10 20%During the sales period 00 00%During the Christmas Festivities 00 00%As the need arise 15 30%Occasionally 13 26%Rarely 02 04%Others 0 00%Total 50 100%This graph shows that 30% respondents are used to buy clothes as the need arises.So majority of people go to buy clothes as the need arises.TABLE NO.06From where do you usually buy clothes?By the use of Frequency %ageCatalogues 05 10%Magazines 07 14%Internet 03 06%Open Market 35 70%__Total 50 100%_ higher up graph shows that 70% of respondents prefer to buy from open market. 6% respondents through internet, 14% respondents use magazine and 10% respondents use catalogues to buy clothes.So majority of people go to buy clothes from open market.TABLE NO.07How powerful is advertising in your purchase of branded wears?Advertising Frequency %ageVery prestigious 09 18%Influential 22 44% about Influential 10 20%Not Influential 07 14%Dont Know 02 04%_Total 50 100__Above graph shows that 18% of respondents are much influenced, 44% are influenced, 20% are slightly influenced, 14% are not influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes while 4% of respondents do not know about it.So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising to purchase branded clothes.TABLE NO.08If a company wants to advertise to you, which of the following medium would be most effective in gaining consumers?Medium Frequency %ageTV 24 48%Radio 00 00%Magazines 10 20%Newspaper 01 02%Billboards 11 22%Internet 03 06%Others 01 02%Total 50 100%48% respondents told that T.V is the most effective advertising media. So our analysis shows that majority of people are influenced by advertising through T.V.TABLE NO.09How influential is a celebrity warrantee in your decision to purchase branded clothes?Celebrity Frequency %ageVery Influential 05 10Influential 15 30Slightly Influential 13 26Not Influential 12 24Dont Know 05 10Total 50 10030% respondents told that they are influenced by a celebrity to make their decisions to purchase branded clothes. So our analysis shows that branded clothes should be advertised through a celebrity.TABLE NO.10How influential are other consumers opinions of a brand in your perception of that brand?Other Consumers Opinion Frequency %ageVery Influential 14 28Influential 19 38Slightly Influential 12 24Not Influential 02 4Dont Know 03 6Total 50 100This graph shows that 38% respondents are influenced by other peoples opinion. So company should achieve more and more market reputation.Table No.11When buying clothes, youBuying clothes Frequency %ageGo directly in a particular shop 31 62Go round in various shops 19 38Total 50 100.0062% respondents go directly to purchase branded clothes in a particular shop while 38% respondents go round in various shops. So a company should have more physical outlets to capture market.Table No.12How would you rate the following statements?Strongly AgreeAgreeDisagreeStrongly DisagreeI wear only well known brands63095I buy clothes depending o n their colors83165I buy styles that suit me rather than what is mienable153131I only buy the style that my friends wear315239I only buy the in vogue(p) fashion as long as they suit me1620122I create my own fashion rather than follow it427145I tend to stick to classic styles that wont date126194I wear only clothes that are widely available12123 5I hate going round for clothes and I let others buy my clothes225149I search for sales and low prices18121010 30 respondents out of 50 are agreed that they wear only well known branded clothes,31 respondents are agreed that they buy clothes depending on their colors,31 respondents are agreed that they buy styles that suit them rather than what is fashionable.23 respondents are disagreed that they only buy the style that their friends wear.20 respondents are agreed that they only buy the latest fashion as long as they suit them.27 respondents are agreed that they create their own fashion rather than follow it.26 respondents are agreed that they tend to stick to classic styles that wont date.23 respondents are disagreed that they wear only clothes that are widely available.25 respondents are agreed that they hate going round for clothes and they let others buy their clothes.18 respondents are strongly agreed that they search for sales and low prices.Table No.13How important would you rate the following factors in influencing the choice of clothes purchased?Almost AlwaysSometimesRarelyNever musical mode Magazines8201111Beauty Magazines6101420Television1813154Radio9131414Newspapers102578Billboards93380Cinema815819Promotional Leaflets3201017Internet1712156Others0000Majority of people are influenced by fashion magazines, T.V, news paper, billboards, promotional leaflets and internet while they are not influenced by beauty magazines, radio and cinema to make the choice of branded clothes.So a company should focus to advertise through T.V and billboards.TABLE NO.14Do you think that wearing branded clothes would reflect?Stron gly AgreeAgreeDisagree Strongly DisagreeConfidence32171 0Superior check14295 2Exclusivity13325 0Snob Appeal11289 232 respondents are strongly agreed that wearing branded clothes show level of confidence, 29 respondents are agreed that wearing branded clothes reflect superior image.32 respondents are agreed that branded clothes reflect exclusivity and 28 respondents told that its a snob appeal.So our analysis shows that majority of people purchase branded clothes due to high level of confidence, superior image, exclusivity and snob appeal.TABLE NO.15Criteria used for the selection of specific brand?Selection Criteria Frequency %ageWell known brand name 24 48%Brand shows the quality 18 36%Brand offers incentives 08 16%Total 50 100%The graph and its analysis show that criteria used for selection of specific brand is well known brand name.TABLE NO.16Which brand is preferred by customer?Preferred Brand Frequency %ageOffer more services 10 20%High price with high quality 26 52%Low price with high quality 14 28%_Total 50 100%52% respondents told that only that brand is preferred which provides high quality with high price. So a company should mainly focus on high quality.TABLE NO.17What attracts you more to select a specific brand? liking Frequency %ageMore advertisement 06 12Market reputation 11 22Existing customers satisfaction 33 66Total 50 10066% respondents told that existing customers satisfaction attracts more to select a specific brand. So majority of people are influenced by existing customers opinion.TABLE NO.18Why most people prefer local brand?Attraction Frequency %ageLess price 26 52Easy availability 6 12Same features like imported brand 18 36Total 50 100This graph shows that most of the people prefer branded clothes due to less price.TABLE NO.19Local brand captures market due toAttraction Frequency %age

Gauley Bridge and Bhopal Disasters

Gauley Bridge and Bhopal DisastersThe Gauley Bridge DisasterThe Hawks Nets Tunnel was being built near Gauley Bridge in watt Virginia, and during that time, close to five hundred rub downers died from silicosis, and about one thousand five hundred contracted the disease (Lobo, 2012). The tunnels construction began in the 1930s, and it required the contractors to blast and drill through devil mountains near the Gauley Bridge. During the period of construction, in the 1930s, African Americans were exempt dominated by whites, and more than eighty percent of the workers were blacks (McCulloch Tweedale, 2014). The workers were also non coupling members (Lobo, 2012), which might bind made their labor cheap and exposing them to exploitation. The excavation took place during the time of the great depression when unemployment rates were high, and people, especially blacks, would do any work to earn a living. Most likely, racism played a key role in the neglect of the workers pencil eraser and health when they were drilling through the mountains.The African workers were supervised with armed white men (McCulloch Tweedale, 2014). As a result of being exposed to silica, which originated from the excavation, hundreds of workers demoteed silicosis due to a buildup of silica particles in the lungs. Silicosis is a dreadful disease that permanently affects the lungs, making it lose its functionality gradually, which eventually leads to death (Lobo, 2012). The contractors responsible for the building of the tunnel never took any preventive measures to ensure that workers worked to a lower place safe conditions. However, the mountains contain high levels of silica, which is truly toxic. The death of about five hundred employees and infection of one thousand five hundred more could open been prevented if the contractors employed standard safety measures such as wearing respirators to avoid inhaling silica. Since the incident, regulations that require workers to use protective equipment are enforced by institutions such as National Institute for Occupational Safety, which is dedicated to how to prevent silicosis and how to identify symptoms (Lobo, 2012). Also, today some unions and laws ensure the rights and safety of workers are not compromised.The Bhopal DisasterIn belated 1984, a pesticide factory known as Union Carbide experienced a news leak of about forty metric tons of methyl isocyanate (MIC), a very deadly gas (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). The incident occurred in Bhopal, India, and at least four thousand people were killed immediately after the gas had leaked. The actual figure is not precise because the government, activists, and independent bodies have different estimations. More than half a million residents were exposed to the deadly gas, and more than twenty-five thousand people have died up to date due to exposure to the toxic gas and pollution of the environment (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). Also, thousands of animals died, th eir dead bodies littered the streets (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). The main effects of the gas included choking, impatient eyes, breathing difficulties, and frothing at the mouth. Other people died from being trampled on by other people as everyone was confused and running for their lives.The massive leakage of MIC was caused by several violations of plant procedures, negligence of internal leaks, and flaws in design (Goh, Tan, Lai, 2015). According to personnel who were employed at the factory, the management never took health and safety seriously. The site has been reported to still contain high levels of MIC (Yang, Khan, Amyotte, 2015). Soil and water bodies were also polluted, and up to date, children are born with defects such as brain persecute and twisted limbs. Since the Bhopal disaster, the judiciary took an active role in protecting the environment (Goh, Tan, Lai, 2015). Laws such as the Factories Act were passed to ensure that industries followed international and na tional standards, as well(p) as understanding the risk involves and how they can be mitigated or prevented.Two Other Similar Stories Russias Chernobyl and Chinas JilinThe explosion at a nuclear world-beater plant in Chernobyl, Russia in 1986 released radioactive material that was more than four hundred times stronger than that released in Hiroshima (Cardis et al., 2006). The effects of the extreme radiation are still present as children are born with defects, develop cancer, and several other health issues. Studies suggest that the radioactive material needs at least two hundred years to wear off, making the environment safe for people (Cardis et al., 2006). In November 2005, the Jilin chemical plant in china exploded and resulted to the death of sise workers and dozens were injured (Fu, W., Fu, H., Sktt, Yang, 2008). The explosions polluted the river, which has led to reduced white cells amongst the residents, leading to leukemia. Additionally, it is estimated that over one hun dred thousand people are likely to develop cancer (Fu, W., Fu, H., Sktt, Yang, 2008). For both incidents, safety standards were improved to ensure that such an incident does not repeat itself.ReferencesCardis, E., Howe, G., Ron, E., Bebeshko, V., Bogdanova, T., Bouville, A., Drozdovitch, V. (2006). Cancer consequences of the Chernobyl accident 20 years on. daybook of radiological protection, 26(2), 127.Fu, W., Fu, H., Sktt, K., Yang, M. (2008). Modeling the spill in the Songhua River after the explosion in the petrochemical plant in Jilin. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 15(3), 178.Goh, Y. M., Tan, S., Lai, K. C. (2015). Learning from the Bhopal disaster to improve do work safety management in Singapore. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 97(1), 102-108.Lobo, J. (2012). From The Book of the Dead to Gauley Bridge Muriel Rukeysers Documentary Poetics and Film at the Crossroads of the Popular Front. Journal of Modern Literature, 35(3), 77-102.McCulloch, J. , Tweedale, G. (2014). Anthony J. Lanza, Silicosis and the Gauley Bridge Nine. Social History of Medicine, 27(1), 86-103.Yang, M., Khan, F., Amyotte, P. (2015). Operational risk assessment A case of the Bhopal disaster. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 97(4), 70-79.

Artistic Expression in 18th and 19th Century America :: American America History

Artistic Expression in 18th and 19th Century AmericaThe first settlers in the New World faced unpredictable hardships. The men of the Virginia colony had enough trouble learning to live off the land, let alone having to defend themselves from domestic attacks. Famine proved to be a hard obstacle to conquer for all of the new colonies. New England, while having a more suitable humor for the prevention of diseases, also had its conflicts with local tribes. The Puritan ideals of New England were very strict especially in regard to private indulgences, including art. The only type of art that was delicious, were portraits, almost exclusively of upper class citizens and clergy. Through the years leading up to the revolution, however, as the population became diversified, new ideas started to influence popular thought. There were some different cultures coexisting as well as different social classes. However, as was the standard in Europe, only the upper class people were bring out of the art world.Look at paintings from the per revolutionary era, including The Mason Children David, Joanna, Abigail, (unknown artist), Hanna Minot Moody (Joseph Badger), New England Merchant (Charles W. Peale), Portrait of Elizabeth, The Artists Daughter (John Singleton Copley), we notice many similarities among them. As stated previously, they argon all portraits. All of the subjects are portrayed in very fine clothes and are obviously posing for the painting. Most of these works learn little or nothing at all in the background. One gets a very cold and sterile feeling when looking at these, and they are most certainly intended not for artistic expression but simply to record the image. As late as 1800, owing to the limited deliverance of the Colonies as well as the Puritans prejudice against idolatry and their regard for art as a luxury, portraiture was the only accepted embodiment of expression in painting. (Bazin 341).In the period following the American Revolution up to th e turn of the eighteenth century, we start to see some subtle even significant changes in the popular artwork. We can see a much bolder use of color and background, as in C.W. Peales Benjamin and Eleanor Ridgely Laming (1788) and Mather Browns Sir Richard Arkwright (1790). Emotion is shown of the faces of the subjects and Ralph Earl showed the Striker Sisters (1787) with their arms around each other and pleasant, happy smiles on their faces. Mr. Peales work shows the physical attraction between Benjamin and Eleanor.

Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

Wuthering HeightsEmily BrnteWuthering Heights, written by Emily Brnte, is a story about the Earnshaw family who own a place called Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights is located on the moors. It narrates the story of the Earnshaw family, Heathcliff and the love story behind them all. Wuthering Heights is a strange, agonizing and powerful novel. It is said that revenge is the paramount theme of the book. Towards the 2nd part of the novel, the focus of the story was about Heathcliff planning for vengeance against the Edgar Linton. Edgar Linton is the person who married Catherine who was Heathcliffs only love. The heroes in the story are Edgar Linton and Hareton Earnshaw. Heathcliff is considered as the villain. The book is excessively taken over by sin and retribution (crime and avengement). All the characters sin in some way are punished, with the riddance of Cathy and Hareton, who manage to destroy evil in their lifetime. Major CharactersMr. Earnshaw- Mr. Earnshaw is the one wh o brought Heathcliff to Wuthering Heights. He is the owner of Wuthering Heights. Mr Earnshaw is a brusque Yorkshire farmer. Hindley Earnshaw- He is cruel and he lacks character. He also can be describe as the artistic type. He was neglected by his father especially when Heathcliff arrived at Wuthering Heights.Catherine Earnshaw- She is a wild, impertuous, arrogant girl. Despite her feelings for Heathcliff, she decides to conjoin Edgar, knowing full well that Heathcliff is the true love of Catherine. Before she dies, she says that she wants both Edgar and Heathcliff to suffer.Hareton Earnshaw- He is the son of Hindley and Frances Earnshaw. He was reared by Heathcliff as part of his plan to punish the Earnshaws. Hareton reflects Heathcliffs cruel nature. Healthcliff- An adopted member of the Earnshaw family. As a child, he was sullen and impatient as a young man, he is sullen, impatient, vengeful and cruel. He has an all-engrossing passion for Catherine Earnshaw, and when she marries Edgar Linton, he spends the remainder of his life in spiritual torturement.Linton Heathcliff- The son of Heathcliff and Isabella Linton. He is sickly and unmanly. His death is hastened because of Heathcliffs neglect.Edgar Linton- A devoted wooer of Catherine, he becomes a recluse after her death. He develops a fondness for young Cathy, but he is no match for Heathcliff., who is determined to make Cathy give for her mothers caprices.Cathy Linton- Edgars darling she inherits her mothers pride and determination and